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New tools for Varroa mite management in beekeeping

养蜂业瓦螨管理新工具

基本信息

批准号：
494068-2016
负责人：
Plettner, Erika
金额：
$ 9.94万
依托单位：
Simon Fraser University
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Strategic Projects - Group
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=641983
关键词：
New tools Varroa mite management

项目摘要

Honey bees are among the most important ecological service providers in modern agricultural landscapes: they are responsible for approximately 90% of pollination needed to produce seeds and/or high quality fruit and produce. Due to intensification of beekeeping and agriculture, bees suffer from deadly parasites and diseases that can lead to sudden collapse of bee colonies. Varroa destructor, a honey bee-specific external parasitic mite, is among the most serious disease agents of honey bees, because the mites transmit crippling viral diseases to bees. These mites reproduce within bee brood cells, and the offspring emerge with the new bees. These adult mites then parasitize adult worker bees until they find new bee brood for their reproduction. The adult mites selectively infect 'nurse' bees - bees that care for the developing offspring - thereby ensuring that they have access to the upcoming generation of bees. Mites detect their adult hosts and the brood by their unique chemical signatures.We propose to test chemicals that change the host selection of the mites, from nurse bee to another type of worker bee, the 'forager', and/or paralyze the mites and thereby increase their mortality. We discovered these chemicals in experiments that tested the ability of mites to choose between a freshly killed nurse and forager bee, based on the bee odors, and in which the responses of the mite to bee odors and our chemicals were tested. Here we propose tests in cages with live bees and, in years 2 and 3, field tests with the most active chemicals in small colonies. We also will search for the target site of the active chemicals we find. Beekeepers are hungry for new mite control agents to use in sustainable, integrated management programs, because previously used mite control agents are no longer effective, and there are few replacements.

蜜蜂是现代农业景观中最重要的生态服务提供者之一：它们负责生产种子和/或高质量水果和农产品所需的约90%的授粉。由于养蜂和农业的集约化，蜜蜂遭受致命的寄生虫和疾病，可能导致蜂群突然崩溃。狄斯瓦螨是一种蜜蜂特有的外部寄生螨，是蜜蜂最严重的病原体之一，因为螨将严重的病毒性疾病传播给蜜蜂。这些螨在蜜蜂的巢室中繁殖，后代与新的蜜蜂一起出现。这些成年螨然后寄生成年工蜂，直到他们找到新的蜜蜂繁殖。成年螨选择性地感染“护士”蜜蜂-照顾发育中的后代的蜜蜂-从而确保它们能够接触到下一代蜜蜂。螨检测他们的成年主机和育雏通过其独特的化学significants.We建议测试的化学品，改变主机选择的螨，从护士蜜蜂到另一种类型的工蜂，“觅食”，和/或麻痹螨，从而增加他们的死亡率。我们在实验中发现了这些化学物质，这些实验测试了螨虫根据蜜蜂气味在刚杀死的护士和觅食蜜蜂之间进行选择的能力，并测试了螨虫对蜜蜂气味和我们的化学物质的反应。在这里，我们建议在笼子里用活蜜蜂进行测试，在第2年和第3年，在小殖民地用最活跃的化学物质进行实地测试。我们还将寻找我们发现的活性化学物质的靶点。养蜂人渴望在可持续的综合管理计划中使用新的螨控制剂，因为以前使用的螨控制剂不再有效，而且很少有替代品。