Marine biodiversity conservation in a changing climate

气候变化是海洋生物的一个严重问题，但在环境变化的同时，几乎没有海洋保护战略来有效保护物种。与气候有关的威胁包括海洋温度的变化、水的酸性增强以及生产区格局的变化。作为回应，许多物种正在发生变化，包括它们使用的区域的变化。在气候变化下管理物种的一个常见建议是减少当地的威胁，如捕鱼和污染。其想法是，这可能会提高物种和生态系统抵御或应对气候相关威胁的能力。然而，对于哪些区域更有可能受到气候变化的影响，哪些地方威胁与气候相关威胁相互作用，或者哪些地方威胁可以得到有效管理，人们知之甚少。** 这项研究的目的是增加对加拿大海洋系统的气候相关影响的模式和影响及其与当地威胁的相互作用的了解。为了实现这一目标，本研究的三个目标是：首先，本研究将描述气候变化的模式，重点是基于现有数据分析的迄今为止的变化和基于气候模型预测的未来变化。第二，这项研究将描述与气候有关的威胁和其他威胁之间的相互作用。最后，这项研究将把这些威胁和相互作用纳入海洋保护区的设计和海洋空间规划在区域范围内（加拿大的所有太平洋沃茨）和地方规模。** 这项研究对加拿大人的好处是，它将制定迫切需要的方法，优先考虑海洋养护和管理战略，同时考虑与气候有关的威胁和当地威胁。增加对变化模式的了解有助于提高海洋保护的有效性。因此，这项研究有望使加拿大的海洋保护区和海洋空间规划更加有效。

Climate change is a serious concern for life in the oceans, yet few marine conservation strategies exist to effectively protect species while their environment is changing. Climate-related threats include changes in the temperature of the oceans, water becoming more acidic, and changing patterns of productive areas. In response, changes are being seen in many species, including shifts in the areas they use. A common suggestion for managing species under climate change is to reduce local threats such as fishing and pollution. The idea is that this might increase the ability of species and ecosystems to resist or respond to climate-related threats. However, little is known about which regions are more likely to be affected by climate change, which local threats interact with those related to climate, or which of those local threats can be effectively managed. ** The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of the patterns and effects of climate-related impacts on marine systems in Canada and their interactions with local threats. To achieve this, three objectives underpin this research: First, this research will characterize patterns of climate change, focusing on changes to date based on analyses of existing data and projected future changes based on climate models. Second, this research will characterize interaction between climate-related and other threats. Finally, this research will incorporate these threats and interactions into marine protected area design and marine spatial planning at a regional scale (all of Canada's Pacific waters) and local scale. ** The benefit of this research to Canadians is that it will develop urgently-needed methods to prioritize marine conservation and management strategies that consider both climate-related and local threats. An increased understanding of patterns of change can help to improve effectiveness of marine conservation. This research thus promises to make Canada's marine protected area and marine spatial planning more effective.**