Fatigue and corrosion-fatigue behavior of 13Cr-4Ni steels and additively manufactured alloys, for application to large size components such as hydraulic turbines and machineries

根据一项对魁北克水力发电的研究：“魁北克水电装机容量的35,125兆瓦(占35,829兆瓦)是水力发电。魁北克有25座大型水电站，可以多年蓄水，帮助管理向国内外市场的电力输送。由于提供廉价电力和电力推广活动，魁北克76%的家庭使用电加热系统。魁北克拥有广泛的高压输电系统，将电力从主要是北部的水电站长距离输送到南部需求中心”。*魁北克水电生产车队包括350多台水轮机。考虑到其几何形状的复杂性，这些流道通过焊接组装而成，导致了异质和复杂的微观组织。在运行中，水轮机会受到循环载荷、汽蚀和腐蚀的影响。由于机械疲劳和腐蚀的综合影响，水腐蚀性可能会增加损坏并缩短使用寿命。*在这个多学科项目中，我们建议评估疲劳和腐蚀的协同效应，以进一步了解我们两个合作伙伴使用的合金的退化机制。这将帮助合作伙伴确定他们的总拥有成本，并制定减轻腐蚀的战略，以确保其基础设施的长期可持续性。具体地说，我们将研究两种铁基合金(不锈钢和铸铁)，ii)量化它们的腐蚀特性，iii)研究它们的疲劳特性，以及iv)开发预测疲劳-腐蚀模型，以帮助我们的合作伙伴进行技术开发。

According to a study on hydroelectricity in Quebec: "35,125 MW (out of 35,829 MW) of Quebec's installed capacity is hydroelectric. There are 25 large hydro reservoirs within Québec, which can store water on a multi-annual basis and help manage electricity deliveries to internal and export markets. Due to the availability of inexpensive electricity and electric promotion activities, 76% of households in Quebec use an electric heating system. Quebec has an extensive high-voltage transmission system, transporting electricity over long distances from mostly northern hydro dams towards southern demand centers".****Hydro-Québec's production fleet, comprises more than 350 hydraulic turbines. Viewing the complexity of their geometry, these runners are assembled by welding resulting in heterogeneous and complex microstructures. In service, hydraulic turbines are subjected to cyclic loads, cavitation and corrosion. Water corrosiveness can increase damages and reduce operating life as a result of the combined effects of mechanical fatigue and corrosion.****In this multidisciplinary project we propose to evaluate the synergistic effects of fatigue and corrosion to further understand the degradation mechanism of the alloys used by our two partners. This will help the partners defining their total cost of ownership & develop mitigating corrosion strategies to ensure long term sustainability of their infrastructure. Specifically, we will i) study two types of iron based alloys (stainless steel and cast iron), ii) quantify their corrosion properties, iii) study their fatigue properties and iv) develop predictive fatigue-corrosion models that will aid our partners in their technology development.**********************