Evaluation of Microbial Population Dynamics in Anaerobic Digesters during Stable Operation, Reactor Failure and Performance Recovery

厌氧消化池稳定运行、反应器故障和性能恢复期间微生物种群动态评估

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2016-05929
负责人：
Cicek, Nazim
金额：
$ 3.06万
依托单位：
University of Manitoba
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=647739
关键词：
Evaluation Microbial Population Dynamics Anaerobic

项目摘要

The co-utilization of agricultural and industrial waste streams as feedstock for anaerobic bioreactor systems has emerged as a promising technology for value-added product synthesis. Conversion of animal manures and waste streams originating from food processing and biofuel production industries to commercially important bio-products (such as biogas) serves multiple goals of environmental reclamation, renewable fuel production, greenhouse gas mitigation, and economic development. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes is a growing industry in Canada with potential for significant expansion. One of the enduring challenges of anaerobic digesters is system stability in the face of varying feedstock quality to ensure reliable energy supplies and uninterrupted operations. Process instability can be caused by toxic, organic, or hydraulic overload. Factors leading to toxic overload include accidental spillage of toxic compounds (antimicrobial disinfectants, antibiotics) into the influent, while variable feed consistency, excessive solids content or insufficient retention time can lead to organic overload. Consequently, digesters are usually not operated at their maximum design capacity in order to avoid collapse of gas production. A better understanding of the complex processes involved in anaerobic digestion is needed to improve process stability, monitoring and overall efficiency.***The main goal of the proposed research program is to identify groups within the microbial community of an anaerobic digester that can serve as an early warning indicator of impending failure under a variety of overload conditions. Ultimately, these groups can then be targeted during routine analysis of digesters, and a management strategy can be developed to circumvent failure and maintain steady operation. In order to determine if there are such identifiable indicator groups, a series of failure prediction tests will be conducted in continuous-feed anaerobic digesters, where process failure will be induced while the evolution of the microbial community is monitored. Organic overload will be brought on by adding three different types of co-digestion substrates to dairy manure digesters: waste glycerol, waste fatty acids (both by-products of an industrial biodiesel facility), and waste silage. Toxic shocks will be induced by introducing chemical compounds commonly used on dairy-farm operations: copper sulfate (antibacterial solution used for foot-baths) and oxytetracycline (a common veterinary antibiotic). Changing microbial groups will be identified and the significance of the changing population evaluated with a cutting-edge metagenomic approach. The use of high-throughput Illumina sequencing will allow for comprehensive coverage and characterization of the microbial community while providing access to organisms with a low relative abundance.**

农业和工业废物流作为厌氧生物反应器系统的原料的共同利用已成为增值产品合成的有前途的技术。源自食品加工和生物燃料生产行业的动物肥料和废物流的转换为商业重要的生物产品（例如沼气），这是环境开垦，可再生燃料生产，缓解温室气体和经济发展的多个目标。农业和工业废物的厌氧共同消化是加拿大不断增长的行业，有可能大大扩展。厌氧消化器的持久挑战之一是面对不同原料质量的系统稳定性，以确保可靠的能源供应和不间断的操作。过程不稳定性可能是由有毒，有机或液压超负荷引起的。导致有毒超负荷的因素包括意外溢出有毒化合物（抗菌消毒剂，抗生素），而可变的饲料一致性，过度的固体含量或保留时间不足会导致有机过载。因此，为了避免气体产量崩溃，消化器通常不会以其最大设计能力进行操作。需要更好地了解厌氧消化中涉及的复杂过程，以提高过程稳定性，监测和整体效率。最终，这些组可以在对消化器的常规分析过程中进行针对，并可以制定管理策略以避免故障并保持稳定的运行。为了确定是否存在此类识别指标组，将在连续进食的厌氧消化器中进行一系列的失败预测测试，在监测微生物群落的演变时，将诱发过程失败。有机超载将通过向奶牛消化剂中添加三种不同类型的共同消化底物来提高：废甘油，废物脂肪酸（均是工业生物柴油设施的副产品）和废物灰烬。通过引入常用于乳制品操作的化学化合物来诱发毒性冲击：硫酸铜（用于脚踏板的抗菌溶液）和氧乙烯环素（一种常见的兽医抗生素）。将确定不断变化的微生物组，并通过尖端的宏基因组方法评估人口的重要性。使用高通量光明测序将允许对微生物群落的全面覆盖和表征，同时提供对相对丰度较低的生物的访问。**