The unengaged mind: Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying boredom

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Boredom is common, appears to be closely linked to attention, and causes significant problems for individuals and society—yet we know very little about the cognitive mechanisms underlying boredom. This critical gap in our knowledge points to limitations in existing models of attention and prevents us from developing strategies for reducing the negative impact of boredom. The proposed research will contribute to resolving this gap. Specifically, I will develop and test a model of boredom which suggests that boredom is the emotional feeling associated with not having ones mental ability fully engaged (i.e. the pain of used mental potential). I will study the cognitive mechanisms that underlie moments when we are bored and struggle to engage our attention. In so doing, I will contribute to our basic understanding of how attention works, as well as lay the scientific foundation for developing ways to ameliorate problems associated with the ‘unengaged mind'—such as errors in medical monitoring, driving, airline piloting, and nuclear military monitoring. Furthermore, my work will have implications for understanding difficulties like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other kinds of learning problems, which often involve intense struggles with boredom. More broadly my work will help us understand how feelings play a role in regulating our thinking processes. The proposed program of research will also allow me to maintain an active, state-of-the-art attention lab that will help consolidate Canada as a site for cutting-edge attention research and provide opportunities for training the next generation of Canadian cognitive scientists.