The Laterality of Everday Life

日常生活的偏侧性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04620
• 负责人: Elias, Lorin
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=650066
• 关键词: Laterality; Everday; Life

Our everyday behaviours are profoundly influenced by functional and anatomical brain lateralization. Motor biases such as handedness have been studied in great detail, but our spatial biases are much less well understood. The program of research described in this proposal will survey the extent and potential causes of these biases, often examining human behavior in a naturalistic context, outside of the laboratory. This proposal details three (sometimes overlapping) streams of research: (A) Lateralized Spatial Attention, (B) Biases in Perception of Light Source, & (C) Spatial Biases while Driving.***(A) People exhibit very strong and reliable leftward lateral biases in spatial attention. The cause of these biases is unknown. It could be because people tend to scan objects from the left to the right (like reading English), or because people pay more attention to the left side of space. Outside of the laboratory, when people collide with stationary objects while walking, they tend to do so with the right side of their body. This suggests that individuals underestimate the proximity of objects to the right. The research proposed is an attempt to determine the conditions under which these biases exist.  *** (B) People tend to preferentially construct and display images that are lit from the left. This effect is readily observable in an art gallery, where 66%-75% of the images will show a lighting bias towards the left. This effect is also observable in magazine advertisements, amateur photographs, and laboratory tasks under carefully controlled conditions. It is currently unknown why people prefer this lighting arrangement, but it could be related to the right hemisphere's dominance for spatial attention. Alternately, these biases could be caused by native reading direction, and I will test this by including people whose first language reads from right to left (eg. Urdu, Farsi). ***(C) I am currently coordinating data collection for the Canadian Naturalistic Driving Study, a 2-year study of 125 drivers. We have installed a Data Acquisition System (DAS) that provides continuous multi-camera video recording, radar, and GPS data during real-world driving behavior. I am proposing that some of this data be coded and analyzed for lateral biases in judgments of proximity of other vehicles and stationary objects, and whether these biases interact with other factors (such as conversation with passengers, cell-phone calls, texting). Specifically, I am predicting that drivers will exhibit leftward biases for distance judgments, overestimating the proximity of leftward objects and vehicles, leading to a greater chance of right-side collisions. I also predict that braking latencies for leftward-approaching hazards (such as pedestrians, cyclists) will be shorter than comparable events from rightward hazards. **

我们的日常行为深受大脑功能和解剖偏侧化的影响。利手等运动偏向已经被详细研究过了，但我们对空间偏向的了解要少得多。这项提案中描述的研究计划将调查这些偏见的程度和潜在原因，通常是在实验室之外的自然主义背景下研究人类行为。这项建议详细介绍了三个(有时是重叠的)研究流：(A)侧化的空间注意力，(B)对光源的感知偏差，(C)开车时的空间偏差。*(A)人们在空间注意力上表现出非常强烈和可靠的向左侧向偏差。这些偏见的原因尚不清楚。这可能是因为人们倾向于从左向右扫描物体(比如阅读英语)，或者是因为人们更关注空间的左侧。在实验室之外，当人们在行走时与静止物体相撞时，他们往往会用身体的右侧进行碰撞。这表明，个体低估了右侧物体的接近程度。提出的这项研究试图确定这些偏见存在的条件。(B)人们倾向于优先构建和展示从左侧照明的图像。这种效果在美术馆很容易观察到，在那里66%-75%的图像会显示出偏左的光线。这种效应在杂志广告、业余摄影和严格控制条件下的实验室任务中也能观察到。目前尚不清楚为什么人们更喜欢这种照明安排，但这可能与右脑在空间注意力上的优势有关。或者，这些偏见可能是由母语阅读方向引起的，我将通过包括母语从右向左阅读的人来测试这一点(例如。乌尔都语、波斯语)。*(C)我目前正在为加拿大自然主义驾驶研究协调数据收集，这是一项为期两年的研究，涉及125名司机。我们安装了一个数据采集系统(DAS)，在真实的驾驶行为中提供连续的多摄像头视频记录、雷达和GPS数据。我建议对其中一些数据进行编码和分析，以确定在判断其他车辆和静止物体是否接近时存在横向偏差，以及这些偏差是否与其他因素(如与乘客交谈、手机通话、发短信)相互作用。具体地说，我预测司机在判断距离时会表现出向左的偏向，高估了向左的物体和车辆的接近程度，从而导致更大的机会发生右侧相撞。我还预测，向左接近的危险(如行人、骑自行车的人)的刹车潜伏期将比向右接近的类似事件更短。**