Side Effects: How our lopsided brain influences everyday behaviour

副作用：我们不平衡的大脑如何影响日常行为

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04540
• 负责人: Elias, Lorin
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764006
• 关键词: Side; Effects; How; our; lopsided

There are many population-level behavioural asymmetries that are readily observable in everyday life. Examples include biases in spatial behaviour, posing, turning, kissing, cradling, and embracing. Human behaviour is biased for at least two reasons, (1) The functional and anatomical differences between the hemispheres of the brain, and (2) perceptual training and experience. The research program outlined in this proposal will examine behavioural asymmetries in two types of everyday behaviours: (1) Asymmetries in social touch (hugging, kissing, and cradling) will be explored across cultures, and (2) Asymmetries in everyday spatial behaviours (navigation, judgements of relative position, use of spatial language), will be explored in different contexts. Asymmetries in social touch will be explored for cradling, hugging, and kissing across different emotional contexts. We know that across western cultures, parents tend to cradle infants to the left. However, this has yet to be explored in cultures that read from Right-To-Left (RTL). I am proposing `field' studies of real baby cradling on social media and lab-based studies of cradling a doll, assessing both Left-to-Right (LTR) and RTL reading samples. Lateralization of embracing will also be assessed in LTR and RTL readers across emotional contexts. We will contrast happy versus sad hugs by comparing hugs at airport arrivals gates versus those embraces at the departure gate. Hugs of consolation at funerals will be contrasted with hugs of celebration. Asymmetries in kissing will be assessed across contexts. We know that heterosexual romantic couples show rightward biases while kissing, but does this generalize to homosexual couples? We know that the rightward kissing bias disappears for parent-child kisses, but does it also disappear when kissing a pet dog or cat? Do the rightward biases in kissing attenuate as a relationship `matures'? It central and leftward kisses are more platonic and familial, they might become more common later on in a relationship. Asymmetries in everyday spatial behaviours (use of spatial language, navigation, judgements of relative position), will be explored using mostly `naturalistic' data. When Chaterjee (1995) asked people to draw an agent/receiver relationship , such as "the circle pushes the square", his Western sample tended to put the `agent of action' on the left. Is this effect reversed in RTL readers? Is this same agency bias evident in portraits of pairs with an agency bias, such as a president/vice-president duo? Using fictitious profile pictures and occupations, Mazzurega (2019) found that rightward profiles pictures are perceived as more gender typical for males, and more associated with agentic occupations. Is this effect present in real-world LinkedIn (and other) profile pictures, and does this effect vary with the level of agency in the current occupation?

在日常生活中，很容易观察到许多人口层面的行为不对称。例如，在空间行为、摆姿势、转身、接吻、抱抱和拥抱方面存在偏见。人类的行为是有偏见的，至少有两个原因，(1)大脑两个半球之间的功能和解剖差异，(2)感知训练和经验。这项提案中概述的研究计划将研究两种类型的日常行为的行为不对称性：(1)社交接触(拥抱、亲吻和摇篮)的不对称性将在不同的文化中进行探索；(2)日常空间行为(导航、相对位置判断、空间语言的使用)的不对称性将在不同的背景下进行探索。社交接触的不对称性将被探索在不同的情感背景下的摇篮、拥抱和接吻。我们知道，在西方文化中，父母倾向于把婴儿放在左边。然而，这还没有在从右向左(RTL)阅读的文化中被探索。我建议在社交媒体上对真实婴儿的摇篮进行实地研究，并在实验室进行抱娃娃的研究，评估从左到右的阅读样本和实时阅读样本。拥抱的偏侧化也将在不同情感背景的LTR和RTL读者中进行评估。我们将通过比较机场登机口和离境登机口的拥抱来对比快乐和悲伤的拥抱。葬礼上的安慰拥抱将与庆祝拥抱形成鲜明对比。接吻的不对称性将在不同的背景下进行评估。我们知道，异性恋人在接吻时会表现出向右倾斜，但这是否也适用于同性伴侣？我们知道，亲子亲吻时，向右的接吻倾向消失了，但当亲吻宠物狗或猫时，向右的接吻倾向也会消失吗？接吻时的右倾倾向会随着恋爱关系的“成熟”而减弱吗？中心和向左的接吻更像柏拉图式的和家庭的亲吻，它们可能在以后的关系中变得更加常见。日常空间行为(空间语言的使用、导航、相对位置的判断)中的不对称性将主要使用“自然主义”数据来探索。当Chaterjee(1995)要求人们画出代理人/接受者的关系时，例如“圆圈推动正方形”，他的西方样本倾向于将“行动的代理人”放在左边。这种效应在RTL阅读器中是否发生了逆转？同样的机构偏见在有机构偏见的人的肖像中也很明显，比如总统/副总统二人组？使用虚构的头像和职业，Mazzurega(2019)发现，向右的头像被认为是男性的典型性别，更多地与代理职业联系在一起。这种影响是否存在于现实世界的LinkedIn(和其他)个人资料照片中？这种影响是否会随着当前职业中中介级别的不同而变化？