Development of innovative mine energy systems

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Several studies predict that over the next decade economic and regulatory factors will require the mining industry to significantly reduce its energy intensity and greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, mining is one of the most energy-intensive industries with a large carbon footprint. Its significant need for electric power is mostly satisfied by fossil-based power generation (usually coal and diesel). In Canada, a typical underground metal mine is ventilated by 500 to 1000 m3/s of fresh air, depending on the ambient and operational conditions. To prevent the freezing of underground mine and the consequent damage to equipment during winter, pre-heating this intake air flow is a necessity which would cost between $2 to 7 million of natural gas (or propane). Also, during summer in deep underground mines (deeper than 1500 meters), pre-cooling the fresh air is a common practice which comes at an up-front (capital) cost of $40 to 50 million for a refrigeration plant as well as $1 to 3 million per annum of operating (electricity) costs. It also relies almost entirely on fossil fuels (mostly natural gas, propane and waste oil) for heating. This fossil fuel dependency is even heavier in remote mining operations where reliance on diesel power dominates. Diesel power costs usually make up to 15% of the operating costs of off-grid base metal open pit operations in Canada. Energy cost already represents a significant part of the operating costs of Canadian mines (14% to 21%). Furthermore, mines are beginning to extend to depths beyond current norms and their energy demand is growing even higher. Last but not the least is the emergence of surplus costs of emerging carbon tax regulations. Canadian mining companies recognize the importance of turning to more energy efficient technologies with lower carbon emissions. The proposed research program aims to address key challenges faced by Canadian mining operations, reflecting three key perspectives: innovation, HQP training and sustainable development. It will adopt an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to develop new mine energy systems within the following three key research themes.***i. Application of geothermal systems in mine ventilation;***ii. Application of energy storage systems in mine ventilation; ***iii. Development of a waste heat recovery system for application in remote mining operations.