An assessment of bioenergetics to inform harvest decisions in pacific salmon terminal fisheries

随着许多太平洋鲑鱼种群数量的减少，需要更可持续的方式来捕捞目标种群。**在种群产卵迁徙接近尾声时进行的终端渔业是太平洋鲑鱼可持续捕捞**的一种选择。终端渔业确保避免非目标鱼类以及可能不那么丰富**种群或养护关切鱼类。除了养护效益，终端渔业**也为原住民社区维持粮食安全和养殖提供了新的经济机会。**终端渔业的一个主要关切是，随着太平洋鲑鱼成熟产卵，能量从肌肉转移到性腺。在终端地区，肉类质量可能会迅速恶化，降低其商业价值，在达到一定程度后，性腺(即鱼卵)变得更有价值。因此，收获策略包括肉和鱼卵，但缺乏对成熟太平洋鲑鱼能量利用的时间动态的了解。这种信息对于最大限度地提高终端渔业的产品质量和价值至关重要。研究的重点将是红鲑鱼，这是一种通常在码头地区收获的有价值的物种，**将使用颜色和脂肪含量作为肉类质量的标志。我们将直接与Babine湖和Sts‘ailes原住民以及各种红鱼种群合作，评估**鱼接近终点区时能量使用的时间动态，这如何影响鱼肉质量和颜色，以及这些过程在**地点和目标种群之间有何不同。将使用估计脂肪含量的微波能量计进行非侵入性能量评估。来自标准位置的组织样本的颜色将在使用SalmoFanTM收集时进行视觉分类。为了验证微波能量计的读数，将使用弹式量热法**来量化收集的组织样本中的脂肪。最终的产品将是一个肉类品质随时间变化的模型，它将为我们的行业合作伙伴提供每个库存相对于捕获日期的颜色和脂肪含量的估计。这些结果和在季节中继续使用微波能量计将帮助**加工商做出更明智的收获决定。

With many Pacific salmon populations declining, needed are more sustainable means to harvest target stocks.**Terminal fisheries, conducted near the end of a stock's spawning migration, are one such sustainable harvest**option for Pacific salmon. Terminal fisheries ensure that that non-target fish, and potentially less abundant**stocks or those of conservation concern, are avoided. In addition to the conservation benefits, terminal fisheries**also present new economic opportunities for First Nations communities to maintain food security and culture.**A major concern of terminal fisheries is that as Pacific salmon mature for spawning, energy is diverted from**the muscle to gonads. Meat quality can deteriorate very quickly in terminal areas, reducing its commercial**value, and after a certain point, the gonads (i.e. roe) become more valuable. Harvest strategies therefore**encompass both meat and roe, but what is lacking is knowledge of temporal dynamics of energy utilization in**maturing Pacific salmon. Such information is critical to maximize both product quality and value in terminal**fisheries. Research will focus on sockeye salmon, a valuable species commonly harvested in terminal areas and**will use colour and lipid content as markers of flesh quality. Working directly with the Lake Babine and**Sts'ailes First Nations and with various sockeye stocks, we will assess temporal dynamics of energy usage as**fish approach terminal areas, how this affects flesh quality and colour, and how these processes differ among**locations and target stocks. A non-invasive energy assessment will be conducted using a microwave energy**meter that estimates lipid content. Color of tissue samples from standard locations will be visually categorized**upon collection using a SalmoFanTM. To validate the microwave energy meter readings, bomb calorimetry**will be used to quantify fat in collected tissue samples. The final product will be a model of temporal variation**in flesh quality that will provide our industry partner an estimate of colour and fat content relative to capture**date for each stock. These results and continued use of the microwave energy meter in-season will help**processors make more informed harvest decisions.