An assessment of bioenergetics to inform harvest decisions in pacific salmon terminal fisheries

随着许多太平洋鲑鱼数量的下降，需要更可持续的手段来捕捞目标种群。**终端渔业是在鱼群产卵迁徙结束时进行的，是太平洋鲑鱼可持续收获的一种选择。终端渔业确保避免非目标鱼类，以及可能数量较少的鱼类或具有保护意义的鱼类。除了保护的好处，终端渔业**也为原住民社区提供了新的经济机会，以维持粮食安全和文化。**终端渔业的一个主要问题是，当太平洋鲑鱼成熟产卵时，能量从肌肉转移到性腺。在终端区域，肉质会迅速恶化，降低其商业价值，而在某一点之后，性腺（即卵）变得更有价值。因此，收获策略**包括肉和鱼子，但缺乏的是对成熟太平洋鲑鱼能量利用的时间动态的了解。这些信息对于最大限度地提高终端渔业的产品质量和价值至关重要。研究将集中在红鲑鱼上，这是一种通常在终端地区捕捞的珍贵物种，**将使用颜色和脂质含量作为肉质量的标志。我们将直接与巴宾湖（Lake Babine）和st 'ailes原住民以及各种红鱼种群合作，评估鱼类接近终点区时能源使用的时间动态，这如何影响肉的质量和颜色，以及这些过程在不同地点和目标种群之间有何不同。使用微波能量计进行无创能量评估，以估计脂质含量。使用SalmoFanTM收集后，将对标准位置组织样本的颜色进行视觉分类**。为了验证微波能量计的读数，将使用炸弹量热法**来定量收集的组织样本中的脂肪。最终产品将是肉质量的时间变化模型，为我们的行业合作伙伴提供相对于捕获日期的颜色和脂肪含量的估计。这些结果和在季节中继续使用微波能量计将有助于**处理器做出更明智的收获决策。

With many Pacific salmon populations declining, needed are more sustainable means to harvest target stocks.**Terminal fisheries, conducted near the end of a stock's spawning migration, are one such sustainable harvest**option for Pacific salmon. Terminal fisheries ensure that that non-target fish, and potentially less abundant**stocks or those of conservation concern, are avoided. In addition to the conservation benefits, terminal fisheries**also present new economic opportunities for First Nations communities to maintain food security and culture.**A major concern of terminal fisheries is that as Pacific salmon mature for spawning, energy is diverted from**the muscle to gonads. Meat quality can deteriorate very quickly in terminal areas, reducing its commercial**value, and after a certain point, the gonads (i.e. roe) become more valuable. Harvest strategies therefore**encompass both meat and roe, but what is lacking is knowledge of temporal dynamics of energy utilization in**maturing Pacific salmon. Such information is critical to maximize both product quality and value in terminal**fisheries. Research will focus on sockeye salmon, a valuable species commonly harvested in terminal areas and**will use colour and lipid content as markers of flesh quality. Working directly with the Lake Babine and**Sts'ailes First Nations and with various sockeye stocks, we will assess temporal dynamics of energy usage as**fish approach terminal areas, how this affects flesh quality and colour, and how these processes differ among**locations and target stocks. A non-invasive energy assessment will be conducted using a microwave energy**meter that estimates lipid content. Color of tissue samples from standard locations will be visually categorized**upon collection using a SalmoFanTM. To validate the microwave energy meter readings, bomb calorimetry**will be used to quantify fat in collected tissue samples. The final product will be a model of temporal variation**in flesh quality that will provide our industry partner an estimate of colour and fat content relative to capture**date for each stock. These results and continued use of the microwave energy meter in-season will help**processors make more informed harvest decisions.