Testing the implications of a dynamic, neurally-informed computational model of valuation, decision making, and self-control

测试动态、神经信息计算模型的评估、决策和自我控制的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05641
• 负责人: Hutcherson, Cendri
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=654154
• 关键词: Testing; implications; dynamic; neurally; informed

Have you ever started reaching for a tempting plate of cookies, only to stop a fraction of a second later when you remember that they're full of fat and sugar? Or struggled to resist the lure of TV and the Internet while working? Effective self-control allows us to resist these kinds of immediate temptations and make decisions we know will leave us better off in the end. Unfortunately, people often struggle with temptation and choose in ways they later regret. Despite decades of research, we don't fully understand why. What makes self-control feel so hard sometimes? What goes wrong when we succumb to temptation? Most importantly, how can we develop better self-control?***By investigating the computational and neural bases of decision making, my research has provided new answers to these long-standing questions. This work highlights something that often goes under-appreciated despite its deep importance: self-control doesn't just “happen.” It is a process that unfolds and changes over time, sometimes quite quickly, sometimes agonizingly slowly. Thus, to understand and improve decision making, we must account not just for the choice someone makes in the end, but also for the rich affective and cognitive dynamics that occur along the way. ***The proposed program of research does this in two specific ways. First, it draws on insights from psychology, neuroscience, and economics to understand how and when information about the value of a choice is represented across the brain. Second, it uses a novel combination of continuous behavioral measures, neuroimaging, and computational modeling to test important predictions about how the timing of information and the deployment of self-control interact to shape choices. This approach will help to clarify when and why the deployment of self-control will be effect, and when it is likely to fail.***The ability to resist temptation in the pursuit of long-term goals has been linked to a host of important benefits for both the self and society, while deficits in this ability are thought to contribute to destructive relationships, problems with addiction and obesity, and workplace productivity. Understanding the basic mechanisms underlying choice may help us to better understand both adaptive and maladaptive choices, as well as to develop more effective interventions to improve outcomes. This program of research contributes toward that goal, by developing and refining new models of choice behaviour, and providing new insights into when and why self-control fails. It will be of interest to the general public, as well as to business leaders, policy makers, and educators hoping to help people make better, more adaptive choices.**

你有没有试过伸手去拿一盘诱人的饼干，却在几分之一秒后停下来，因为你记得它们充满了脂肪和糖？或者在工作时努力抵制电视和互联网的诱惑？有效的自我控制使我们能够抵制这些直接的诱惑，并做出我们知道最终会让我们过得更好的决定。不幸的是，人们经常与诱惑作斗争，并以他们后来后悔的方式选择。尽管经过了几十年的研究，我们仍然不能完全理解其中的原因。是什么让自我控制有时如此困难？当我们屈服于诱惑时，会发生什么？最重要的是，我们如何才能更好地自我控制？*通过研究决策的计算和神经基础，我的研究为这些长期存在的问题提供了新的答案。这项工作强调了一个尽管非常重要但经常被低估的东西：自我控制并不只是“发生”。这是一个随着时间的推移而展开和变化的过程，有时非常快，有时缓慢得令人痛苦。因此，为了理解和改进决策，我们不仅要考虑到最终做出的选择，还要考虑到沿着发生的丰富的情感和认知动态。***首先，它借鉴了心理学，神经科学和经济学的见解，以了解有关选择价值的信息如何以及何时在大脑中呈现。其次，它使用了一种新颖的连续行为测量，神经成像和计算建模的组合来测试关于信息的时机和自我控制的部署如何相互作用以塑造选择的重要预测。这种方法将有助于澄清自我控制的部署何时以及为什么会有效，以及何时可能失败。在追求长期目标的过程中抵制诱惑的能力与自我和社会的许多重要利益有关，而这种能力的缺陷被认为会导致破坏性的关系，成瘾和肥胖问题以及工作效率。了解选择背后的基本机制可能有助于我们更好地理解适应性和适应不良的选择，以及制定更有效的干预措施来改善结果。这个研究项目有助于实现这一目标，通过开发和完善选择行为的新模型，并提供新的见解，何时以及为什么自我控制失败。它将对公众以及希望帮助人们做出更好、更适应性选择的商界领袖、政策制定者和教育工作者产生兴趣。