Urgent Replacement of a Laue X-Ray Diffraction System for Research in Interfacial Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis

紧急更换劳厄 X 射线衍射系统用于界面电化学和电催化研究

• 批准号: RTI-2019-00036
• 负责人: Jerkiewicz, Gregory
• 金额: $ 10.93万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=654613
• 关键词: Urgent; Replacement; Laue; Ray; Diffraction

A new X-ray generator, for a Laue diffraction system, is urgently required to replace a defunct instrument. It will be part of a unique set-up for the growth, orientation, polishing, etching, and annealing of metallic single crystals for electrochemistry and electrocatalysis research. The X-ray generator has a similar design to the old one but is a modern instrument with new electronics, as well as data acquisition and processing capabilities. The unavailability of an operational X-ray generator puts on hold an entire, original research program. In addition, it makes it difficult for several HQP to pursue their planned research activities and to complete their graduate studies as planned. The instrument is also essential for our collaboration with Canadian and international researchers. The generator is crucial for cross-disciplinary HQP training, which covers electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, materials science, analytical chemistry, and corrosion science. The instrument will serve three major research programs. (1) My group will prepare Ni(hkl) electrodes and study their electro-oxidation and electro-dissolution in aqueous alkaline solutions. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements will complement electrochemistry data. We will examine the mechanisms and kinetics of the hydrogen evolution, hydrogen oxidation, oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reactions at Ni(hkl) electrodes. My group will also study the stability (corrosion) of Ni(hkl) electrodes in aqueous alkaline media. We will establish structure-catalytic activity-stability relationships for Ni materials, which will facilitate the design of active and stable Ni nanomaterials for alkaline water electrolyzers and fuel cells. (2) My group will prepare Pt(hkl) electrodes and study their electro-oxidation and electro-dissolution in aqueous acidic solutions. We will analyze the stability (corrosion) of Pt(hkl) electrodes in electrolytes outgassed using N2 and saturated with O2 or H2. Electrochemistry research will be supplemented by ICP-MS measurements. Again, the goal of this research is to establish structure-catalytic activity-stability relationships but for Pt materials. The outcome of this project will benefit the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which employ Pt nanoparticles. (3) My group will prepare Pt(hkl), Au(hkl), and Rh(hkl) crystals having different orientations and will form nanoscopic layers using the under-potential deposition (UPD). The process facilitates the preparation of ultra-thin layers having a controlled chemical composition and fine-tuned physical properties. We will study the UPD of Ag and Cu on three substrates, having three different surface geometries (basal planes). The acquisition of a comprehensive set of data will create new knowledge that will be used to identify trends and to develop advanced theories of this process. The outcome of this project will advance electrochemical nanoscience and nanotechnology.**

一种新的X射线发生器，劳厄衍射系统，是迫切需要取代一个已报废的仪器。它将成为电化学和电催化研究中金属单晶生长、定向、抛光、蚀刻和退火的独特装置的一部分。X射线发生器的设计与旧的类似，但它是一种现代化的仪器，具有新的电子设备以及数据采集和处理能力。由于没有可用的X射线发生器，整个原创研究计划被搁置。此外，这也使得一些HQP难以按计划进行他们的研究活动并完成他们的研究生学业。该仪器对于我们与加拿大和国际研究人员的合作也至关重要。该发生器对于跨学科的HQP培训至关重要，其中包括电化学，电催化，材料科学，分析化学和腐蚀科学。该仪器将服务于三个主要研究项目。(1)我的小组将制备Ni（hkl）电极并研究它们在碱性水溶液中的电氧化和电溶解。电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测量将补充电化学数据。我们将研究在Ni（hkl）电极上的析氢、氢氧化、析氧和氧还原反应的机理和动力学。我的小组还将研究Ni（hkl）电极在碱性水介质中的稳定性（腐蚀）。我们将建立镍材料的结构-催化活性-稳定性关系，这将有助于设计用于碱性水电解槽和燃料电池的活性和稳定的镍纳米材料。(2)我的小组将制备Pt（hkl）电极并研究它们在酸性水溶液中的电氧化和电溶解。我们将分析Pt（hkl）电极在使用N2脱气并用O2或H2饱和的电解质中的稳定性（腐蚀）。电化学研究将辅以ICP-MS测量。同样，本研究的目标是建立结构-催化活性-稳定性关系，但对于Pt材料。该项目的结果将有利于采用Pt纳米颗粒的聚合物电解质膜燃料电池。(3)我的小组将制备具有不同取向的Pt（hkl）、Au（hkl）和Rh（hkl）晶体，并将使用欠电位沉积（UPD）形成纳米级层。该方法有助于制备具有受控化学组成和微调物理性质的超薄层。我们将研究银和铜的UPD在三个基板上，具有三种不同的表面几何形状（基面）。获得一套全面的数据将创造新的知识，用于确定趋势和发展这一进程的先进理论。该项目的成果将推动电化学纳米科学和纳米技术的发展。**