Characterization of small wind turbine system dynamics**

小型风力涡轮机已被证明是在北极和其他偏远地区提供当地成本效益高的能源的一种有前途的手段。Borrum Energy Solutions在现有的加拿大1千瓦风力涡轮机的基础上，正在开发一种小型风力涡轮机，专门用于偏远北极地区独特的气候、运营和物流挑战。确保新的小型风力涡轮机设计能够高效、可靠地发电至关重要，这需要在设计过程中格外关注细节，包括仔细关注涡轮机动力学、负载和瞬态操作。对小型风力涡轮机动力学的理解不如对大型公用事业规模的风力涡轮机的理解那么发达。该项目建议通过对Borrum的原型涡轮机进行仪表化处理，并对涡轮机对风波动的响应进行直接的高分辨率（32 Hz）测量，以满足这一需求，这在这种规模的涡轮机文献中是罕见的。实验将在现有的试验场地进行，利用研究人员在这类实验研究中的经验。定制的传感器将适合记录偏航角和卷起尾翼角。还将记录转子速度、功率输出和风力条件。将所得的现场测量数据库与现有动力学和卷收模型（FAST v7）的卷收行为和动态响应预测进行比较。将对卷拢和其他动态响应进行隔离和整体分析，以确定卷拢几何形状对涡轮机能量输出和结构载荷的影响。 分析结果将用于立即支持Borrum的风力涡轮机设计，并研究低惯性小型风力涡轮机在卷起、启动和突然风力变化时的独特动力学。该项目将在小型风力涡轮机设计领域提供新的知识，同时支持一家加拿大公司开发可靠和可预测的能源生产技术，这种技术有可能降低偏远和北方社区的能源成本和环境影响。

Small wind turbines have been shown to be a promising means of providing local, cost-effective energy in communities in the Arctic and other remote locations. Building off an existing, proven Canadian 1 kW wind turbine, Borrum Energy Solutions is developing a small wind turbine specifically for the unique climate, operational and logistical challenges of remote Arctic locations. Ensuring that the new small wind turbine design will produce power efficiently and reliably is essential, which requires extra attention to detail in the design process, including careful attention to turbine dynamics, loads and transient operations. Understanding of small wind turbine dynamics is not as well developed as for larger utility-scale wind turbines. This project proposes to address this need by instrumenting Borrum's prototype turbine and taking direct, high resolution (32 Hz) measurements of the turbine response to wind fluctuations, something that is rare in the literature for turbines at this scale. Experiments will be conducted at an existing test site, utilizing the researcher's prior experience with this class of experimental investigation. Custom sensors will be fit to record yaw angle and furling tail angle. Rotor speed, power output, and wind conditions will also be recorded. The resulting database of field measurements will be compared to predictions of furling behavior and dynamic responses from an existing dynamics and furling model (FAST v7). Furling and other dynamic responses will be isolated and ensemble analyzed to determine the effect of furling geometry on the turbine energy output and structural loads. The analysis results will be used to both immediately support wind turbine design at Borrum and investigate the unique dynamics of low inertia, small wind turbines in furling, start-up and sudden wind changes. This project will contribute new knowledge in the field of small wind turbine design, while supporting a Canadian company in the development of a reliable and predictable energy generation technology that has the potential to reduce energy costs and environmental impacts in remote and Northern communities.