A phylogenetic approach to spider diversification

生物多样性科学的两个基本任务是发现和描述生物多样性的基本单位（物种），以及解决生命多样化的遗传途径（系统发生史）。我们建议详细解决一个特定群体的系统发育历史，盐蜘蛛，并将我们的结果应用于行为进化，视觉生态学和杂交在多样化中的作用的研究。利用全基因组数据，我们将在整个家族范围内工作（其中有大约6000个物种），目标分类群将有助于解决三色视觉独立进化的次数（可能至少4次），从而能够对颜色视觉如何进化进行比较研究。我们还将关注Habronattus蜘蛛属，先前的研究结果暗示了求偶行为、染色体进化和杂交之间的进化相互作用。为了解释这一群体的进化，我们将开发新的方法来分析系统发育历史复杂时的特征进化（从技术上讲，谱系分类和渗入不完整）。我们将继续通过加强我们广泛使用的分析工具来改善系统发育生物学的信息学基础设施。在这项工作的过程中，我们还将发现和描述新的蜘蛛物种。培养理论生物学和生物信息学、DNA测序和数据分析、生物野外工作、节肢动物生物多样性研究等方面的高素质人才。

Two fundamental tasks of biodiversity science are to discover and characterize the basic units of biodiversity (species), and to resolve the pathways of genetic descent by which life diversified (phylogenetic history). We propose to resolve in detail the phylogenetic history of one particular group, the salticid spiders, and apply our results to studies of behavioural evolution, visual ecology, and the role of hybridization in diversification. Using genome-wide data, we will work at the scope of the whole family (which has >6000 species), targeting taxa that will help resolve the number of times three-colour vision has evolved independently (probably at least 4 times), thus enabling comparative studies on how colour vision evolves. We will also focus on the spider genus Habronattus, where previous results hint to an evolutionary interplay among courtship behaviour, chromosome evolution, and hybridization. To interpret the evolution of this group, we will develop new methods to analyze character evolution when phylogenetic histories are complex (technically, with incomplete lineage sorting and introgression). We will continue to improve the informatics infrastructure of phylogenetic biology by enhancing our widely-used analytical tools. In the course of this work we will also discover and describe new species of spiders. We will train highly qualified personnel in theoretical biology and bioinformatics, DNA sequencing and data analysis, biological field work, and arthropod biodiversity studies.