Integrated Actuator/Sensor Design for Control of Distributed Parameter Systems

许多系统的动态不仅取决于时间，还取决于系统的空间分布。例如：流体流动、传输网络、结构振动、声学噪声。这些系统被称为分布参数系统(DPS)，模型涉及偏微分方程组。这不同于集总参数系统，例如电路，其模型是常微分方程式。这给估计器和控制器的设计带来了许多复杂性。*对于空间变化的系统的控制和估计，性能取决于控制器硬件、传感器和执行器的位置。最佳位置可能与基于物理直觉选择的位置不同。分析是至关重要的，因为移动硬件往往很困难。例如，压电致动器/传感器在结构控制和评估中很有用，但一旦放置，就无法在不损坏结构的情况下移动。应该使用将控制器/估计器设计与执行器/传感器定位相结合的机电一体化方法。尤其是传感器定位具有许多应用。这些应用包括在建筑物上放置传感器，放置恒温器以提高建筑效率，以及放置传感器以研究湖泊环境的变化。一个问题涉及传感器选择：对于给定的预算，哪种选择性能更好，是少量高质量传感器，还是大量廉价传感器？为了获得对污染位置的最佳估计，移动传感器的最佳控制是什么？许多传感器或执行器，特别是那些由智能材料组成的传感器或执行器，可以制造成相当任意的形状。对于给定的应用和大量材料，实现估计(或控制目标)的最佳形状是什么？*传感器位置的结果自然会导致建立一个联合执行器/传感器位置的策略，作为输出反馈控制器设计的集成方法的一部分。首席研究员最近的研究导致了一些执行器定位问题的基本结果，这些结果将对拟议的研究有所帮助。*需要在理论和计算方面取得进展。将发展包括传感器和执行器对系统动力学的影响的理论。一种适用于任意空间域的高效算法至关重要。集成DPS控制器设计意味着硬件定位与控制器/估计器开发的集成。*许多过程是非线性的。例如，大振动、相变加热、智能材料、锂离子电池的电荷估计。既需要控制和估计这些系统的理论，也需要可以用于实际综合的方法。结合执行器/传感器位置的结果，这将导致DPS的集成控制器设计策略。

The dynamics of many systems depend  not only on time, but also on the spatial distribution of the system. Examples include: fluid flow, transmission networks, structural vibrations, acoustic noise. These systems are known as distributed parameter systems (DPS) and models involve partial differential equations. This is different from lumped parameter systems, such as circuits, where the models are ordinary differential equations. This introduces a number of complexities into estimator and controller design.***For  control and estimation of systems that vary in space, performance depends on the location of controller hardware, the sensors and actuators. The best locations may be different from those chosen based on physical intuition. Analysis is crucial, as it is often difficult to move hardware. For example, piezo-electric actuator/sensors are useful in structural control and estimation, but once placed, cannot be moved without damaging the structure. A mechatronic approach that  integrates controller/estimator design  with actuator/sensor location should be used. Sensor location in particular has many applications. These applications include sensor placement on structures, thermostat placement to improve building efficiency and sensor placement to study environmental changes in lakes. One question involves sensor selection: for a given budget, which choice yields better performance, a small number of quality sensors or a larger number of cheap sensors? What is the best control of moving sensors in order to obtain the best estimate of a contaminant location? Many sensors or actuators, particularly those composed of smart materials, can be produced in fairly arbitrary shapes. For a given application, and mass of material, what is the best shape for achieving estimation (or a control objective)?***Results on sensor location will lead naturally to establishing a strategy for joint actuator/sensor location as part of an integrated approach to output feedback controller design.  Recent research by the principal investigator led to fundamental results on some actuator location problems and these results will be helpful in the proposed research.***Advances in theory and computation are needed. Theory that includes the effect on system dynamics of sensors and actuators will be developed. An efficient algorithm that can be used for arbitrary spatial domains is critical. Integrated DPS controller design means that hardware location is integrated with controller/estimator development.***Many processes are nonlinear. Examples include large vibrations, heating with phase change, smart-materials, charge estimation in lithium-ion batteries. Both theory for control and estimation of these systems, and methods that can be used for practical synthesis, are needed. Combined with results on actuator/sensor location this will lead to a integrated controller design strategy for DPS. *** **