Stomatal development and frost tolerance pathways in grape

葡萄气孔发育和耐霜途径

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04632
• 负责人: Nassuth, Annette
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660689
• 关键词: Stomatal; development; frost; tolerance; pathways

The long-term goal of my research program is to elucidate the regulation of stress tolerance and stomata formation in perennial plants. Extreme temperatures and drought are major stresses that affect the distribution of plants in nature and limit plant productivity in agriculture. Climate change brings with it an increase in such stress conditions. How plants adapt to various abiotic stresses is a fundamental biological question, and improving plant stress tolerance is critical for maintaining or improving agricultural productivity required for food security. Stress tolerance is especially important for perennial plants because damage incurred during one year negatively affects performance and yield also in subsequent years and thus will have considerable economic impact for several years.***Some plant species and varieties are able to adjust better to changing adverse environmental conditions than others. For example, wild grape plants (Vitis riparia) can survive Canadian winters with freezing temperatures better than domesticated plants used for wine production, such as V. vinifera. The question is why? ***It has been suggested that the perception of low temperatures in the fall initiates a series of events, collectively referred to as cold acclimation, that lead to increased frost tolerance. Transcription factors which regulate key steps in this process have been identified for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Their expression and activity was found to be tightly regulated to minimize negative effects on plant development. Interestingly, a protein called ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression; whereby CBF= CRT Binding Factor) not only has a function in the frost tolerance pathway but also in the formation of stomata, openings that regulate the loss of water from leaves and thereby affect drought tolerance. ICE acts in concert with the core stomatal proteins SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA. ***I propose to explore the differences between annual (Arabidopsis) and perennial plants and the effects of domestification (V. riparia versus V. vinifera) on the evolution of key proteins (ICE, CBF, SPCH, MUTE and FAMA) involved in stress responses and development. My lab has been studying grape plants for more than 16 years and is well positioned to take on this task. The proposed research will determine the roles of each grape protein and how their activity is regulated. The results will be used to identify what protein modifications would allow grape plants to survive freezing temperatures without compromising their growth and formation of stomata. ***This research will provide valuable information about the fundamental processes overwintering plants use to survive harsh environmental conditions, and generate ideas and tools for producing superior wine grapes, with potential application to other perennial crops.**

我的研究计划的长期目标是阐明多年生植物的胁迫耐受性和气孔形成的调节。极端温度和干旱是影响植物在自然界中的分布并限制农业中植物生产力的主要胁迫。气候变化带来了这种压力条件的增加。植物如何适应各种非生物胁迫是一个基本的生物学问题，提高植物胁迫耐受性对于维持或提高粮食安全所需的农业生产力至关重要。胁迫耐受性对于多年生植物尤其重要，因为在一年中发生的损害也会对随后几年的性能和产量产生负面影响，因此将在几年内产生相当大的经济影响。一些植物物种和品种比其他植物物种和品种能够更好地适应不断变化的不利环境条件。例如，野生葡萄植物（葡萄属riparia）可以在加拿大寒冷的冬天生存，比用于葡萄酒生产的驯化植物（如V. vinifera）更好。问题是为什么？* 有人认为，在秋季对低温的感知引发了一系列事件，统称为冷驯化，导致抗冻性增加。在模式植物拟南芥中，已经鉴定出调节这一过程中关键步骤的转录因子。它们的表达和活性被发现受到严格调控，以尽量减少对植物发育的负面影响。有趣的是，一种称为ICE（CBF表达诱导物; CBF= CRT结合因子）的蛋白质不仅在抗冻性途径中起作用，而且在气孔形成中也起作用，气孔调节叶片水分的损失，从而影响耐旱性。ICE与气孔核心蛋白SPEECHLESS（SPCH）、MUTE和法马协同作用。* 我建议探索一年生（拟南芥）和多年生植物之间的差异，以及干旱化（V. riparia vs. vinifera）对参与胁迫反应和发育的关键蛋白（ICE，CBF，SPCH，MUTE和法马）进化的影响。我的实验室已经研究葡萄植物超过16年了，完全有能力承担这项任务。这项研究将确定每种葡萄蛋白的作用以及它们的活性是如何调节的。研究结果将用于确定哪些蛋白质修饰可以使葡萄植物在不影响其生长和气孔形成的情况下在冰冻温度下生存。*** 这项研究将提供有关越冬植物在恶劣环境条件下生存的基本过程的有价值的信息，并产生生产上级酿酒葡萄的想法和工具，并可能应用于其他多年生作物。