Molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance of plants

植物非生物胁迫耐受性的分子基础

• 批准号: 36698-2012
• 负责人: Nassuth, Annette
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568767
• 关键词: Molecular; basis; abiotic; stress; tolerance

Grapevine has worldwide economic significance because it is used for viticulture in countries around the world, including Canada. Freezing temperatures can be detrimental for a plant's survival in Canada with winter temperatures below -20C. Cultivars, including those used in the Canadian fruit and wine Industry, are affected and even killed in severe winters, resulting in a substantial economic impact to the Industry. Indeed, lack of sufficient winterhardiness is the greatest threat to the production of the elite winegrape Vitis vinifera in Canada. Interestingly, many native species survive after being subjected to a period of low, non-freezing temperatures. Understanding how native species achieve freezing tolerance is thus important. Key genes that are activated during cold acclimation in the native V. ripara grape and thought to regulate the molecular cascade leading to freezing tolerance have been identified, but found to also affect plant development. The long term goal of my lab is to determine which combination of these genes could provide freezing tolerance to the cultivated grape without any undesirable developmental effects. The proposed project will investigate for each potential key gene under which conditions it produces an active protein product, which other genes this protein then regulates and what effect this activated cascade has on the plant. Additional experiments will determine if the difference in freezing tolerance between the cultivated grape and the wild grape can be explained by one or more of the noted differences between their key proteins. Taken together this project will deliver fundamental knowledge on the genetic basis of stress tolerance in grape. Grape is a deciduous woody perennial and thus will provide crucial information specific to perennial plants that cannot be obtained by studying the model plant Arabidopsis. The project will provide the information necessary to guide a balanced approach to the production of winegrape cultivars with increased abiotic stress tolerance either by conventional breeding or assisted (transgenic) breeding. This application could be extended also to other woody perennial crops such as peaches or plums.

葡萄藤具有世界经济意义，因为它在世界各国都被用于葡萄种植，包括加拿大。在加拿大冬季气温低于零下20摄氏度的情况下，冰冻的温度可能不利于植物的生存。品种，包括加拿大水果和葡萄酒行业使用的品种，在严冬会受到影响，甚至死亡，对该行业造成重大经济影响。事实上，缺乏足够的耐寒性是加拿大精英酿酒葡萄生产的最大威胁。有趣的是，许多本土物种在经历了一段时间的低温非冰冻后存活了下来。因此，了解本土物种如何获得耐寒能力是很重要的。 在本地葡萄的冷驯化过程中被激活的关键基因被认为是调节导致耐寒性的分子级联反应的关键基因，但也被发现影响植物的发育。我的实验室的长期目标是确定这些基因的哪种组合可以为栽培葡萄提供耐寒性，而不会对发育造成任何不良影响。 拟议中的项目将调查每个潜在的关键基因，在什么条件下它会产生活性蛋白质产物，然后这个蛋白质调节其他哪些基因，以及这种激活的级联反应对植物有什么影响。其他实验将确定栽培葡萄和野生葡萄之间耐寒性的差异是否可以用它们关键蛋白质之间的一个或多个所指出的差异来解释。 综上所述，该项目将提供有关葡萄耐逆境遗传基础的基础知识。葡萄是一种落叶木本多年生植物，因此将提供多年生植物特有的关键信息，而这些信息是通过研究模式植物拟南芥无法获得的。该项目将提供必要的信息，以指导通过常规育种或辅助(转基因)育种提高非生物胁迫耐受性的酿酒葡萄品种的平衡方法。这一应用也可以推广到其他木本多年生作物，如桃子或李子。