Brain circuits and dynamics for memory consolidation

记忆巩固的脑回路和动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04600
• 负责人: Peyrache, Adrien
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662054
• 关键词: Brain; circuits; dynamics; memory; consolidation

Each instant of our lives is unique, and can be potentially remembered for our entire lifespan. How does the brain manage to form a lasting imprint of life episodes that happened only once? It is now established that sleep plays a crucial role in strengthening recently formed memories. During this ‘offline' state, the brain selects and reprocesses information that is the most relevant for future use. The hippocampus is a brain region that is essential for the temporary storage of new information by establishing a memory trace in ‘one-shot'. After a period of maturation, that could range from days to years, memories are eventually stored in the neocortex. During sleep, neuronal patterns associated with new memories are replayed in the hippocampus and its cortical targets, suggesting that the repetition of these neuronal ensembles in the hippocampus enables the formation of permanent memory trace in the cortex. Therefore, the communication between the hippocampus and the cortex is believed to be a fundamental mechanism of memory consolidation, yet how information is routed to and from the hippocampus remains largely unknown. The thalamus relays neuronal signal between cortical areas, in particular between the hippocampal formation and cortical areas. Our research program aims to investigate the dynamical coordination of the hippocampus, the neocortex and the thalamus underlying the formation of new memories. ******The brain is, by essence, a dynamical system and exhibits oscillatory patterns during wakefulness and sleep that spans orders of magnitude of time scales. During sleep, the replay of recent memories in the hippocampus are coordinated by oscillations of the thalamo-cortical network to enable an optimal communication between these brain structures, but the underlying neuronal processes are still largely unknown. We will thus address this question by investigating the role of these oscillations in memory. To achieve these goals, we will use a combination of cutting-edge experimental techniques, including multi-channel electrophysiology and genetic tools in freely moving mice, as well as advanced analytical methods to quantify the dynamics of brain networks. In conclusion, this program will shed light on the dynamics of brain networks that enable the formation and strengthening of new memories in the brain.**

我们生命中的每一刻都是独一无二的，并且可能会在我们的一生中被记住。大脑如何设法对只发生过一次的生活事件形成持久的印记？现在已经确定，睡眠对于强化最近形成的记忆起着至关重要的作用。在这种“离线”状态下，大脑会选择并重新处理与未来使用最相关的信息。海马体是一个大脑区域，对于通过“一次性”建立记忆痕迹来临时存储新信息至关重要。经过一段从几天到几年的成熟期后，记忆最终会存储在新皮质中。在睡眠期间，与新记忆相关的神经元模式在海马体及其皮质目标中重播，这表明海马体中这些神经元群的重复能够在皮质中形成永久记忆痕迹。因此，海马体和皮质之间的通信被认为是记忆巩固的基本机制，但信息如何传入和传出海马体仍然很大程度上未知。丘脑在皮质区域之间传递神经元信号，特别是在海马结构和皮质区域之间。我们的研究项目旨在研究新记忆形成过程中海马体、新皮质和丘脑的动态协调。 ******从本质上讲，大脑是一个动态系统，在清醒和睡眠期间表现出跨越几个数量级时间尺度的振荡模式。在睡眠期间，海马体中最近记忆的重播是通过丘脑皮质网络的振荡来协调的，以实现这些大脑结构之间的最佳通信，但潜在的神经元过程仍然在很大程度上未知。因此，我们将通过研究这些振荡在记忆中的作用来解决这个问题。为了实现这些目标，我们将结合使用尖端实验技术，包括自由移动小鼠的多通道电生理学和遗传工具，以及先进的分析方法来量化大脑网络的动态。总之，该计划将揭示大脑网络的动态，从而促进大脑中新记忆的形成和加强。**