Solar wind coupling to plasma waves and energetic particles in geospace

太阳风与地球空间中的等离子体波和高能粒子的耦合

• 批准号: 185709-2010
• 负责人: Rankin, Robert
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=513985
• 关键词: Solar; wind; coupling; plasma; waves

The solar wind is an extension of the Sun's atmosphere into outer space. It is an ionized "plasma" with an average speed and density of 400km/s and 10 particles per cubic cm, respectively. The interaction of the solar wind with magnetized planets forms magnetic cavities called magnetospheres. Earth's magnetosphere is compressed on the dayside, and stretched beyond Moon's orbit on the nightside. It is wrapped by surface and interior current systems. Inside, wave-particle interactions and plasma instabilities turn the magnetosphere into an efficient particle accelerator, supplying the Ring Current, Van Allen belts, Plasmasphere and Auroral regions with energetic particles. As the Sun moves through its 11 year cycle, it drives magnetospheric storms that become increasingly more frequent and intense, leading to copious amounts of energy being dissipated in "geospace" mass and energy sinks. The strong variability of geospace presents hazards to satellites and humans in space, along with power, pipeline, and communications systems on Earth. It also affects satellite drag, which affects the lifetime of satellites and potentially the international space station.

太阳风是太阳大气层向外太空的延伸。它是一种电离的“等离子体”，平均速度和密度分别为400公里/秒和每立方厘米10个粒子。太阳风与磁化行星的相互作用形成了称为磁层的磁腔。地球的磁气圈在昼侧被压缩，在夜侧被拉伸到月球轨道之外。它被表面和内部电流系统包裹。在内部，波粒相互作用和等离子体不稳定性将磁层变成一个有效的粒子加速器，为环电流、货车艾伦带、等离子体带和极光区提供高能粒子。随着太阳以11年为一个周期运行，它驱动着磁层风暴，这些风暴变得越来越频繁和强烈，导致大量的能量在“地球空间”的质量和能量汇中消散。地球空间的强可变性对太空中的卫星和人类沿着地球上的电力、管道和通信系统构成了危险。它还影响卫星阻力，从而影响卫星的寿命，并可能影响国际空间站。