Quantum Phenomenology and Quantum Technology

量子物理学出现在二十世纪，通过引入自然界的根本不确定性并拒绝局部现实主义来挑战科学的基础。在同一个世纪，量子物理学带来了新技术，如核电、晶体管和激光。最近出现了新的令人兴奋的量子提议，包括量子计算、量子密码学、量子计量学、物质的量子态和生物分子络合物中的量子输运。我的研究计划集中在量子科学的四个令人兴奋的方面，这些方面是经过战略选择的，以推动量子科学和技术的最先进水平。*量子计算的目标是将某些棘手的计算问题转化为量子计算机上容易解决的问题。最早解决经典计算机无法解决的问题的计算很可能是量子模拟，它将模拟量子系统的演化，并可能有广泛的应用，例如解线性方程。我将开发用于测量的量子算法，将当前量子模拟的状态生成方法完全解决问题，并开发用于模拟相对论和开放量子系统的量子算法。我的目标是为小型量子计算机构建量子算法，以解决原本难以解决的问题。*实现量子信息处理的一个挑战是，实际可实现的运算并不完全满足量子信息处理的需要，但量子控制的目标是实现连续的现实运算，在某些情况下具有反馈，以实现必要的运算。针对受限量子控制设计控制序列的易处理的自主算法，例如严格限制执行时间。贪婪算法很流行，速度也很快，但要求局部最优解足够好，这对于约束问题可能会失败。我计划调整我们的非贪婪人工智能量子计量学算法，以找到好的量子控制算法，同时找到既快速又准确的控制序列。*量子科学的进步关键取决于实验进展，因此我将致力于旨在推动最先进水平的实验提案和合作。在接下来的几年里，我将重点放在三种媒介上：单光子输入的干涉测量，人造原子的超导电路，以及硅表面的悬挂键。我的干涉测量工作旨在高效地执行玻色子采样。玻色子采样有望在干涉仪上有效，但在经典计算中却很难处理。我致力于控制和观察超导电路中人造原子的集体效应，我的目标是利用这些人造原子中的集体和相干效应来控制微波脉冲，并将其应用于可扩展的量子计算。硅表面双悬挂键项目探索并最终利用悬挂键之间电子隧穿的量子相干动力学。*在过去的几年里，生物系统中的量子效应，如光合作用中的相干激子传输，一直是一个热门话题。受相干传输的前景和研究天然和突变物种蛋白质之间电子转移的能力的启发，我们证明了溶剂在电子转移中起着活跃的作用，但溶剂在辅助电子转移中的确切作用尚未确定。我们现在的目标是确定溶剂的作用，并将我们的结果与现有的和计划的实验进行比较。由于高效的位点选择性电子转移对新陈代谢至关重要，我们对电子转移的研究可能会为我们提供对健康问题的洞察。

Quantum physics arrived in the twentieth century and challenged the foundations of science by introducing a fundamental indeterminacy in nature and rejecting local realism. In the same century quantum physics ushered in new technologies such as nuclear power, transistors and lasers. Recently new exciting quantum proposals emerged including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, quantum metrology, quantum states of matter and quantum transport in biomolecular complexes. My research programme focuses on four exciting aspects of quantum science chosen strategically to push forward the state of the art in quantum science and technology.*Quantum computing's goal is to convert certain intractable computational problems into easy-to-solve problems on quantum computers. The earliest computations that answer questions beyond the reach of classical computers is likely to be quantum simulation, which will mimic evolution of quantum systems and could have wide applications for example to solving linear equations. I will develop quantum algorithms for measurement that take the current state-generation approach of quantum simulation to full problem-solving, and I will develop quantum algorithms for simulating relativistic and open quantum systems. My aim is to construct quantum algorithms for small-scale quantum computers to solve otherwise-intractable problems.*One challenge to realizing quantum information processing is that practically realizable operations do not quite meet the needs of quantum information processing, but quantum control aims to implement sequential realistic operations, in some cases with feedback, to realize necessary operations. I tractable autonomous algorithms for designing control sequences for constrained quantum control, for example tightly limiting the execution time. Greedy algorithms are popular and fast but require local optima to be good enough, which can fail for constrained problems. I plan to adapt our non-greedy artificial-intelligence quantum-metrology algorithms to find good quantum-control algorithms with the benefit of finding control sequences that are both fast and accurate.*Advances in quantum science depend crucially on experimental advances so I will work on experimental proposals and collaborations aiming to advance the state of the art. My focus over the next few years is on three media: interferometry with single-photon inputs, superconducting-circuits with artificial atoms and silicon-surface dangling bonds. My interferometry work aims to perform BosonSampling efficiently. BosonSampling is expected to be efficient with interferometers but intractable using classical computation. I am working on controlling and observing collective effects for artificial atoms in superconducting circuits, and I aim to using collective and coherent effects in these artificial atoms to control microwave pulses with applications to scalable quantum computing. The silicon-surface double dangling bond project explores and ultimately exploits quantum coherent dynamics of electron tunneling between dangling bonds.*In the past few years quantum effects in biological systems such as coherent exciton transport in photosynthesis has been a hot topic. Inspired by the prospect of coherent transport and by the capability of studying electron transfer between proteins for native and mutant species, we showed that the solvent plays an active role in electron transfer, but the exact role of the solvent in assisting electron transfer is not established. Our aim now is to determine the role of the solvent and compare our results with existing and planned experiments. As efficient site-selective electron transfer is vital for metabolism, our research on electron transfer is likely to provide insight into health issues.