Quantum Phenomenology and Quantum Technology

量子现象学和量子技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05260
• 负责人: Sanders, Barry
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633108
• 关键词: Quantum; Phenomenology; Technology

Quantum physics arrived in the twentieth century and challenged the foundations of science by introducing a fundamental indeterminacy in nature and rejecting local realism. In the same century quantum physics ushered in new technologies such as nuclear power, transistors and lasers. Recently new exciting quantum proposals emerged including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, quantum metrology, quantum states of matter and quantum transport in biomolecular complexes. My research programme focuses on four exciting aspects of quantum science chosen strategically to push forward the state of the art in quantum science and technology.Quantum computing’s goal is to convert certain intractable computational problems into easy-to-solve problems on quantum computers. The earliest computations that answer questions beyond the reach of classical computers is likely to be quantum simulation, which will mimic evolution of quantum systems and could have wide applications for example to solving linear equations. I will develop quantum algorithms for measurement that take the current state-generation approach of quantum simulation to full problem-solving, and I will develop quantum algorithms for simulating relativistic and open quantum systems. My aim is to construct quantum algorithms for small-scale quantum computers to solve otherwise-intractable problems.One challenge to realizing quantum information processing is that practically realizable operations do not quite meet the needs of quantum information processing, but quantum control aims to implement sequential realistic operations, in some cases with feedback, to realize necessary operations. I tractable autonomous algorithms for designing control sequences for constrained quantum control, for example tightly limiting the execution time. Greedy algorithms are popular and fast but require local optima to be good enough, which can fail for constrained problems. I plan to adapt our non-greedy artificial-intelligence quantum-metrology algorithms to find good quantum-control algorithms with the benefit of finding control sequences that are both fast and accurate.Advances in quantum science depend crucially on experimental advances so I will work on experimental proposals and collaborations aiming to advance the state of the art. My focus over the next few years is on three media: interferometry with single-photon inputs, superconducting-circuits with artificial atoms and silicon-surface dangling bonds. My interferometry work aims to perform BosonSampling efficiently. BosonSampling is expected to be efficient with interferometers but intractable using classical computation. I am working on controlling and observing collective effects for artificial atoms in superconducting circuits, and I aim to using collective and coherent effects in these artificial atoms to control microwave pulses with applications to scalable quantum computing. The silicon-surface double dangling bond project explores and ultimately exploits quantum coherent dynamics of electron tunneling between dangling bonds.In the past few years quantum effects in biological systems such as coherent exciton transport in photosynthesis has been a hot topic. Inspired by the prospect of coherent transport and by the capability of studying electron transfer between proteins for native and mutant species, we showed that the solvent plays an active role in electron transfer, but the exact role of the solvent in assisting electron transfer is not established. Our aim now is to determine the role of the solvent and compare our results with existing and planned experiments. As efficient site-selective electron transfer is vital for metabolism, our research on electron transfer is likely to provide insight into health issues.

量子物理学出现在世纪，通过引入自然界的基本不确定性和拒绝局部实在论，挑战了科学的基础。在同一个世纪，量子物理学带来了核能、晶体管和激光等新技术。近年来，量子计算、量子密码学、量子计量学、物质的量子态和生物分子复合体中的量子输运等新的量子理论相继出现。我的研究项目集中在量子科学的四个令人兴奋的方面，这些方面是从战略上选择的，以推动量子科学和技术的发展。量子计算的目标是将某些棘手的计算问题转化为量子计算机上易于解决的问题。回答经典计算机无法解决的问题的最早计算可能是量子模拟，它将模拟量子系统的演化，并可能有广泛的应用，例如求解线性方程。我将开发用于测量的量子算法，这些算法将采用量子模拟的当前状态生成方法来完全解决问题，我将开发用于模拟相对论和开放量子系统的量子算法。实现量子信息处理的一个挑战是，实际可实现的操作并不能完全满足量子信息处理的需要，而量子控制的目标是实现连续的现实操作，在某些情况下通过反馈来实现必要的操作。I用于设计用于约束量子控制的控制序列的易处理的自治算法，例如严格限制执行时间。贪婪算法是流行的和快速的，但需要局部最优值是足够好的，这可能会失败的约束问题。我计划调整我们的非贪婪人工智能量子计量算法，以找到良好的量子控制算法，并从中获得快速和准确的控制序列。量子科学的进步至关重要地依赖于实验的进步，因此我将致力于实验提案和合作，旨在推进最先进的技术。我在未来几年的重点是三种媒体：单光子输入的干涉测量，人造原子和硅表面悬挂键的超导电路。我的干涉测量工作旨在有效地执行BosonSampling。预计BosonSampling对于干涉仪来说是高效的，但对于经典计算来说是棘手的。我正在研究控制和观察超导电路中人造原子的集体效应，我的目标是利用这些人造原子中的集体和相干效应来控制微波脉冲，并将其应用于可扩展的量子计算。硅表面双悬挂键计划探索并最终利用悬挂键之间电子隧穿的量子相干动力学，在过去的几年里，生物系统中的量子效应，如光合作用中的相干激子输运，一直是一个热门话题。受相干传输的前景和研究天然和突变物种的蛋白质之间的电子转移的能力的启发，我们表明，溶剂在电子转移中起着积极的作用，但在协助电子转移的溶剂的确切作用还没有建立。我们现在的目标是确定溶剂的作用，并将我们的结果与现有的和计划中的实验进行比较。由于有效的位点选择性电子转移对新陈代谢至关重要，我们对电子转移的研究可能会为健康问题提供见解。