Vibrational and Perceptual Analyses of Musical Instruments

乐器的振动和感知分析

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05351
• 负责人: Scavone, Gary
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664417
• 关键词: Vibrational; Perceptual; Analyses; Musical; Instruments

The long-term goal of this scientific research program is to gain a better understanding of the acoustical, fluid-dynamic and mechanical properties of musical instruments that can be applied to improve their design and manufacture. My previous Discovery Grant research has resulted in significant advancements and contributions to this long-term program, including the development of numerical and analytical methods to better characterize the acoustic behaviour of woodwind instrument air columns, player-instrument coupling and the human perception of instrument qualities. Over the next five years, we will make use of state-of-the-art measurement and computer modeling techniques, as well as perceptual studies, to help music instrument makers innovate and benefit from new technologies.***    Musical instruments have been refined over centuries through empirical methods. And yet, there remain various problems experienced by makers, manufacturers and players for which solutions can or must be found. For example, certain species of wood commonly used for guitar fingerboards and violin bows are now either endangered and/or illegal to import into Canada. As well, the traditional cane reeds used on clarinets and saxophones are well known to be inconsistent and prone to rapid decay. New materials can be investigated as replacements and evaluated using vibrational measurements, modeling and perceptual studies. ***    The first specific component of this research program will involve macro- and micro-structural analyses of woodwind reeds, with the aim of designing durable composite reeds that perform as well as traditional ones. Reeds are graded by stiffness but there are large variations of overall stiffness within a box and it is common that a musician may find only 20-30% of them of good quality. This study will begin with an assessment of these inconsistencies by evaluating the external geometry and internal cell structures of reeds. After identifying measurable properties and finding correlations with a desired response, reproductions using composite materials will be investigated.***    A second component of this research program will focus on studies of saxophone and clarinet mouthpieces using Finite Element (FEM) and lattice Boltzmann numerical methods. Small variations of mouthpiece geometry are known to have important influences on the sound and response of instruments, though no clear design strategies have yet to be developed, in part because of the complicated aeroacoustic behaviours present at the mouthpiece / reed / air column boundary. Our studies will consider the use of FEM to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of mouthpieces and numerical fluid-structure models to evaluate the aerodynamic aspects. The goal is to better understand how geometry refinements impact response so that mouthpieces can be better tailored (using computer modeling and 3D printing) for individual musicians.**

这项科学研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解乐器的声学，流体动力学和机械特性，以改进其设计和制造。我以前的发现补助金研究已经导致了显着的进步和贡献，这个长期的计划，包括数值和分析方法的发展，以更好地表征木管乐器空气柱，球员乐器耦合和乐器质量的人类感知的声学行为。在接下来的五年里，我们将利用最先进的测量和计算机建模技术，以及感知研究，帮助乐器制造商创新并从新技术中受益。 几个世纪以来，乐器一直通过经验方法进行改进。然而，制造商、制造商和演奏者仍然遇到各种各样的问题，可以或必须找到解决办法。例如，通常用于吉他指板和小提琴弓的某些木材现在要么濒临灭绝，要么非法进口到加拿大。此外，用于单簧管和萨克斯管的传统甘蔗簧片众所周知是不一致的，容易迅速腐烂。新材料可以作为替代品进行研究，并使用振动测量，建模和感知研究进行评估。 该研究计划的第一个具体组成部分将涉及木管簧片的宏观和微观结构分析，目的是设计出与传统簧片性能相同的耐用复合簧片。簧片按刚度分级，但在一个盒子内整体刚度变化很大，音乐家通常只能找到20-30%的优质簧片。这项研究将开始与这些不一致的评估，通过评估外部几何形状和内部细胞结构的芦苇。在确定可测量的特性并找到与所需响应的相关性后，将研究使用复合材料的再现。 该研究计划的第二部分将侧重于使用有限元（FEM）和格子玻尔兹曼数值方法研究萨克斯管和单簧管吹嘴。吹嘴几何形状的微小变化对乐器的声音和响应有重要影响，尽管还没有制定明确的设计策略，部分原因是吹嘴/簧片/空气柱边界处存在复杂的气动声学行为。我们的研究将考虑使用有限元法来评估喉舌的声学特性和数值流体结构模型来评估空气动力学方面。我们的目标是更好地了解几何优化如何影响响应，以便更好地为每个音乐家量身定制（使用计算机建模和3D打印）吹嘴。