Model-Based Analysis and Design Optimization of Music Instruments

这项研究计划的长期目标是提高我们对乐器的空气声学和机械特性的科学理解，这些特性有助于乐器的设计、制造、教学和声音合成。乐器已经通过经验方法发展了几个世纪，并达到了非常高的精致水平。尽管如此，制造商、制造商和玩家仍然面临着各种问题，可以找到解决方案。仪器设计往往涉及妥协。例如，为改善语调而进行的修改可能会无意中产生不太一致的音色。可以应用计算机建模方法来寻找优化或量身定制的解决方案。我们的重点主要是乐器，尽管在进行这项研究中获得的研究方法、结果和技能将适用于广泛的技术、多媒体和声学工程领域。 这项研究建议的第一个具体目标是通过测量和计算机建模更好地了解木管乐器口部的几何参数、空气声学参数和演奏参数之间的联系。该提案的这一部分是在以往成就的基础上继续实现以前的目标。我们将利用有限元(FE)和气动声学建模来表征音质(声学)和可播放性(流体-结构-相互作用)属性。这项研究还将使用热线风速计和带有机械木管演奏器系统的压力探头进行测量，以评估流体流动特性并为3D气动声学建模提供信息。 该提案的第二个目标是开发用于木琴杆设计的计算机建模方法，该方法可以优化调谐，最大限度地减少不必要的交叉模式耦合，并支持使用复合材料作为濒危红木的替代品的探索。该方法将结合有限元和优化方法，扩展到考虑声辐射，耦合马林巴共振器管道，并可听化。我们将与设计和制造天然纤维复合材料的专家合作，寻找可以取代红木的新材料，同时保持与传统马林巴相同的音色质量。 该提案的第三个目标将涉及设计和开发算法系统，当使用基于虚拟物理的合成模型或机械播放器系统进行表演时，该系统可以学习模仿人类音乐家的音乐表现力。这种方法将利用人工智能和机器学习的方法，以及机器人学和音乐教育学。 这项研究的结果将改进目前在乐器设计/分析/评估方面的努力，告知教师和学生正确或更有效地演奏乐器的方法，并在商业声学工程环境中应用。

The long--term goal of this research program is to improve our scientific understanding of the aeroacoustic and mechanical properties of music instruments that can aid in their design, manufacture, pedagogy and sound synthesis. Musical instruments have been developed over centuries through empirical methods and have reached very high levels of refinement. That said, there remain various problems experienced by makers, manufacturers and players for which solutions can be found. Instrument designs often involve compromises. For example, a modification made to improve intonation may inadvertently produce a less consistent timbre. Computer modeling methods can be applied to find optimized or tailored solutions. Our focus is primarily on music instruments, though the research methods, results and skills acquired in conducting this research will be applicable in a wide range of technological, multimedia, and acoustical engineering fields. The first specific objective of this research proposal is to better understand the link between geometric, aeroacoustic and playing parameters of woodwind instrument mouthpieces using measurements and computer modeling. This component of the proposal is a continuation of a previous objective, building on previous achievements. We will make use of Finite Element (FE) and aeroacoustic modeling to characterize the tone quality (acoustic) and playability (fluid-structure-interaction) properties. This research will also involve measurements using a hot-wire anemometer and pressure probes with a mechanical woodwind player system to assess the fluid flow characteristics and inform the 3D aeroacoustic modeling. The second objective of the proposal is to develop computer modeling approaches for the design of marimba bars that can optimize for tuning, minimize undesirable cross-mode coupling, and support explorations with composite materials as a replacement for endangered rosewood. The approach will combine FE and optimization methods, with extensions to account for sound radiation, coupling with marimba resonator pipes, and auralization. We will collaborate with specialists in the design and fabrication of natural fiber composite materials to seek new materials that can replace rosewood while maintaining the same timbral quality as traditional marimbas. The third objective of the proposal will involve the design and development of algorithmic systems that can learn to imitate the musical expressivity of human musicians when performing with virtual physics-based synthesis models or with a mechanical player system. The approach will make use of methods from artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as robotics and music pedagogy. Results of this research will improve current efforts in the design / analysis / evaluation of music instruments, inform teachers and students about proper or more efficient ways of playing their instruments, and also have application in commercial acoustical engineering contexts.