Vibrational and Perceptual Analyses of Musical Instruments

这项科学研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解乐器的声学、流体动力和机械性能，以便应用于改进乐器的设计和制造。我之前对Discovery Grant的研究为这一长期计划带来了重大进展和贡献，包括开发了数值和分析方法，以更好地表征木管乐器气柱的声学行为、演奏者与乐器的耦合以及人类对乐器质量的感知。在接下来的五年里，我们将利用最先进的测量和计算机建模技术，以及感知研究，帮助乐器制造商创新并受益于新技术。*我们的乐器已经通过经验方法经过几个世纪的完善。然而，制造商、制造商和玩家仍然面临着能够或必须找到解决方案的各种问题。例如，某些通常用于吉他指板和小提琴弓的木材现在要么濒临灭绝，要么非法进口到加拿大。此外，单簧管和萨克斯管使用的传统甘蔗簧片也是众所周知的，不一致，容易迅速衰退。新材料可以作为替代品进行研究，并通过振动测量、建模和感知研究进行评估。这项研究计划的第一个具体组成部分将涉及木管簧片的宏观和微观结构分析，目的是设计出性能与传统笛片一样耐用的复合簧片。簧片是按硬度分级的，但在一个盒子里，总体硬度有很大的变化，音乐家可能只有20%-30%的簧片质量很好。这项研究将通过评估芦苇的外部几何形状和内部细胞结构来评估这些不一致性。在确定可测量的特性并找到与所需响应的相关性后，将研究使用复合材料的复制品。*本研究计划的第二部分将重点研究使用有限元和格子Boltzmann数值方法的萨克斯管和单簧管吹口。众所周知，吹口几何形状的微小变化对乐器的声音和响应有重要影响，尽管尚未制定明确的设计策略，部分原因是在吹口/簧片/空气柱边界处存在复杂的气动声学行为。我们的研究将考虑使用有限元来评估吹嘴的声学特性，以及使用数值流体-结构模型来评估气动方面。其目标是更好地了解几何精细化如何影响反应，以便可以更好地为个别音乐家定制口罩(使用计算机建模和3D打印)。**

The long-term goal of this scientific research program is to gain a better understanding of the acoustical, fluid-dynamic and mechanical properties of musical instruments that can be applied to improve their design and manufacture. My previous Discovery Grant research has resulted in significant advancements and contributions to this long-term program, including the development of numerical and analytical methods to better characterize the acoustic behaviour of woodwind instrument air columns, player-instrument coupling and the human perception of instrument qualities. Over the next five years, we will make use of state-of-the-art measurement and computer modeling techniques, as well as perceptual studies, to help music instrument makers innovate and benefit from new technologies.***    Musical instruments have been refined over centuries through empirical methods. And yet, there remain various problems experienced by makers, manufacturers and players for which solutions can or must be found. For example, certain species of wood commonly used for guitar fingerboards and violin bows are now either endangered and/or illegal to import into Canada. As well, the traditional cane reeds used on clarinets and saxophones are well known to be inconsistent and prone to rapid decay. New materials can be investigated as replacements and evaluated using vibrational measurements, modeling and perceptual studies. ***    The first specific component of this research program will involve macro- and micro-structural analyses of woodwind reeds, with the aim of designing durable composite reeds that perform as well as traditional ones. Reeds are graded by stiffness but there are large variations of overall stiffness within a box and it is common that a musician may find only 20-30% of them of good quality. This study will begin with an assessment of these inconsistencies by evaluating the external geometry and internal cell structures of reeds. After identifying measurable properties and finding correlations with a desired response, reproductions using composite materials will be investigated.***    A second component of this research program will focus on studies of saxophone and clarinet mouthpieces using Finite Element (FEM) and lattice Boltzmann numerical methods. Small variations of mouthpiece geometry are known to have important influences on the sound and response of instruments, though no clear design strategies have yet to be developed, in part because of the complicated aeroacoustic behaviours present at the mouthpiece / reed / air column boundary. Our studies will consider the use of FEM to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of mouthpieces and numerical fluid-structure models to evaluate the aerodynamic aspects. The goal is to better understand how geometry refinements impact response so that mouthpieces can be better tailored (using computer modeling and 3D printing) for individual musicians.**