Model-Based Analysis and Design Optimization of Music Instruments

这项研究计划的长期目标是提高我们对乐器气动声学和机械特性的科学理解，从而有助于乐器的设计、制造、教学和声音合成。几个世纪以来，乐器一直是通过经验方法开发出来的，并且已经达到了非常高的精细程度。也就是说，制造商、制造商和玩家仍然存在各种各样的问题，需要找到解决方案。仪器设计常常涉及妥协。例如，为了提高语调而做的修改可能会无意中产生不太一致的音色。计算机建模方法可用于寻找优化或定制的解决方案。我们的研究重点主要集中在乐器上，尽管在进行这项研究中获得的研究方法、结果和技能将广泛应用于技术、多媒体和声学工程领域。本研究计划的第一个具体目标是通过测量和计算机建模来更好地理解木管乐器吹口的几何、气动声学和演奏参数之间的联系。这项建议的这一部分是在以前的成就的基础上继续以前的目标。我们将利用有限元（FE）和气动声学建模来表征音质（声学）和可演奏性（流体-结构-相互作用）特性。这项研究还包括使用热线风速计和压力探头与机械木管播放器系统进行测量，以评估流体流动特性，并为3D气动声学建模提供信息。该提案的第二个目标是开发马林巴杆设计的计算机建模方法，该方法可以优化调音，最大限度地减少不必要的交叉模耦合，并支持使用复合材料替代濒危红木的探索。该方法将结合有限元和优化方法，并扩展到考虑声辐射、与马林巴谐振管的耦合和听觉化。我们将与天然纤维复合材料的设计和制造方面的专家合作，寻求可以替代红木的新材料，同时保持与传统马林巴相同的音质。该提案的第三个目标将涉及算法系统的设计和开发，该系统可以在使用基于虚拟物理的合成模型或机械播放器系统表演时学习模仿人类音乐家的音乐表现力。该方法将利用人工智能和机器学习，以及机器人和音乐教学法的方法。这项研究的结果将改善目前在乐器设计/分析/评估方面的努力，告诉教师和学生正确或更有效的演奏乐器的方法，并在商业声学工程背景下也有应用。

The long--term goal of this research program is to improve our scientific understanding of the aeroacoustic and mechanical properties of music instruments that can aid in their design, manufacture, pedagogy and sound synthesis. Musical instruments have been developed over centuries through empirical methods and have reached very high levels of refinement. That said, there remain various problems experienced by makers, manufacturers and players for which solutions can be found. Instrument designs often involve compromises. For example, a modification made to improve intonation may inadvertently produce a less consistent timbre. Computer modeling methods can be applied to find optimized or tailored solutions. Our focus is primarily on music instruments, though the research methods, results and skills acquired in conducting this research will be applicable in a wide range of technological, multimedia, and acoustical engineering fields. The first specific objective of this research proposal is to better understand the link between geometric, aeroacoustic and playing parameters of woodwind instrument mouthpieces using measurements and computer modeling. This component of the proposal is a continuation of a previous objective, building on previous achievements. We will make use of Finite Element (FE) and aeroacoustic modeling to characterize the tone quality (acoustic) and playability (fluid-structure-interaction) properties. This research will also involve measurements using a hot-wire anemometer and pressure probes with a mechanical woodwind player system to assess the fluid flow characteristics and inform the 3D aeroacoustic modeling. The second objective of the proposal is to develop computer modeling approaches for the design of marimba bars that can optimize for tuning, minimize undesirable cross-mode coupling, and support explorations with composite materials as a replacement for endangered rosewood. The approach will combine FE and optimization methods, with extensions to account for sound radiation, coupling with marimba resonator pipes, and auralization. We will collaborate with specialists in the design and fabrication of natural fiber composite materials to seek new materials that can replace rosewood while maintaining the same timbral quality as traditional marimbas. The third objective of the proposal will involve the design and development of algorithmic systems that can learn to imitate the musical expressivity of human musicians when performing with virtual physics-based synthesis models or with a mechanical player system. The approach will make use of methods from artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as robotics and music pedagogy. Results of this research will improve current efforts in the design / analysis / evaluation of music instruments, inform teachers and students about proper or more efficient ways of playing their instruments, and also have application in commercial acoustical engineering contexts.