Cognitive processing components associated with remembering the past: Investigating belief in occurrence, mental simulation, and event accuracy

与记住过去相关的认知处理成分：调查对发生、心理模拟和事件准确性的信念

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05841
• 负责人: Scoboria, Alan
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664586
• 关键词: Cognitive; processing; components; associated; remembering

Much of the existing research on remembering events examines memory reports that are strongly believed and clearly recollected. Hence the study of autobiographical memory has tended to be the study of vivid event representations that are believed to have occurred and are believed to be recalled accurately. When a wider variety of event representations are cued, it becomes evident that multiple distinct metacognitive appraisals contribute to the experience of remembering. Building on preceding literature, recent work conducted in my lab has shown that belief that an event genuinely occurred; vividly recollecting an event; and believing that the details recalled are accurate are empirically distinct and therefore reflect different underlying processes. My research has demonstrated that these constructs can be measured independently, and that belief in occurrence and recollection can be manipulated separately. Such observations are consistent with a components process approach to human memory. In a components process approach, remembering is posited to be reconstructive in nature. Remembering is the result of the coordination of multiple basic processing components that interact to produce event representations. The quality of representations are monitored and controlled by metacognitive processes that are reflected in belief in occurrence, recollection, and belief in accuracy appraisals. Knowledge about the distinction between belief in occurrence and recollection has expanded in recent years. Less is known about the relationships between belief in the occurrence of events, belief in the accuracy of events, and confidence in individual items within event representations. The broad goal of this phase of my research program is to enhance understanding of within-event (accuracy of individuals details) versus between-event (occurrence and source of events) monitoring processes. This will be accomplished by: 1) Developing improved scales for measuring components associated with remembering to enhance modelling of component and their interactions; 2) Conducting experimental studies to examine how providing disconfirmatory feedback about remembered events impacts occurrence, accuracy, and source monitoring judgments; 3) Conduct experimental studies to distinguish metacognitive appraisals for the occurrence of entire events, the accuracy of entire events, and confidence in individual details within events; and, 4) Explore frontal lobe activity associated with belief in occurrence vs. belief in accuracy using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS).

现有的许多关于记忆事件的研究都考察了那些被强烈相信并清楚地被回忆起来的记忆报告。因此，对自传体记忆的研究倾向于研究被认为已经发生并被准确回忆的生动事件表征。当更多种类的事件表征被提示时，很明显，多个不同的元认知评估有助于记忆体验。在之前文献的基础上，我的实验室最近进行的工作表明，相信一个事件确实发生了；生动地回忆起一个事件；相信回忆的细节是准确的，在经验上是不同的，因此反映了不同的潜在过程。我的研究表明，这些结构可以独立测量，对发生和回忆的信念可以单独操作。这些观察结果与人类记忆的成分加工方法是一致的。在成分过程方法中，记忆本质上被认为是重建的。记忆是多个基本处理组件协调的结果，这些组件相互作用以产生事件表示。表征的质量受到元认知过程的监控，元认知过程反映在对发生的信念、回忆和对准确性评估的信念上。近些年来，关于相信发生和相信回忆之间的区别的知识已经扩大。关于事件发生的信念、事件准确性的信念和事件表征中个别项目的信心之间的关系，我们知之甚少。我的研究计划这一阶段的主要目标是加强对事件内(个人细节的准确性)和事件之间(事件的发生和来源)监控过程的理解。这将通过以下方式实现：1)开发改进的量表，用于测量与记忆相关的组件，以增强组件及其交互作用的建模；2)进行实验研究，以考察提供关于记忆事件的非确认性反馈如何影响事件的发生、准确性和来源监控判断；3)进行实验研究，以区分对整个事件的发生、整个事件的准确性以及对事件中个别细节的信心的元认知评估；以及，4)使用功能性近红外光谱(FNIRS)来探索与相信发生和相信准确性相关的额叶活动。