'Don't know' responding to interview questions: misinformation, motivation, and metacognition

“不知道”回答面试问题：错误信息、动机和元认知

• 批准号: 327570-2006
• 负责人: Scoboria, Alan
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=397845
• 关键词: Don; know; responding; interview; questions

A great deal has been learned about factors involved in the accuracy of memory for recently witnessed events.  To date this research has focused upon the accuracy of memory, and little research has been conducted to evaluate other typically observed aspects of responding, such as saying "I don't know" in response to questions. Recent research has suggested that "don't know" responses differ in meaning, and that such responses are influenced by a numerous cognitive and metacognitive processes.  "Don't know" responses are therefore deserving of specific research attention.  The objectives of the present research program are to explore the ways that questioning can impact memory, as well as better understand the decision making processes involved in answering questions.  To accomplish this goal, the current research will investigate the impact of a number of factors upon rates and types of "don't know" responses made to interview questions.  These factors include the impact of different types of misinformation upon "don't know" responding; the role of metacognitive awareness for question answering skill during interviews, including the effective use of "don't know" responses; the impact of encouraging and discouraging "don't know" responses to questions; and the impact of manipulating motivation to provide accurate responses upon "don't know" responding.  Finally, the impact of training respondents in effective responding to questions upon accuracy and "don't know" response rates will be assessed.  The findings will be relevant to the understanding of memory and decision processes involved in answering interview questions.  This work will significantly enhance the understanding of "don't know" responses, thereby filling a gap in knowledge about a naturalistic aspect of responding to questioning.  A secondary benefit of this work is potential application to areas in which acquiring accurate information via interviewing is essential (such as forensic or health care applications).  The results will be of interest to basic researchers in the areas of memory, cognition, and metacognition, as well as applied practitioners who utilize interviews to gather information.

人们对最近目睹的事件的记忆准确性的影响因素有很多了解，迄今为止，这项研究主要集中在记忆的准确性上，很少有研究评估其他典型的反应方面，例如回答问题时说“我不知道”。最近的研究表明，“不知道”的回答在意义上是不同的，并且这种回答受到许多认知和元认知过程的影响。因此，“不知道”的回答值得特别的研究关注。本研究的目的是探讨提问如何影响记忆，以及更好地理解回答问题所涉及的决策过程。为了实现这一目标，目前的研究将调查一些因素对“不知道”的比率和类型的影响。这些因素包括不同类型的错误信息对“不知道”回答的影响、元认知意识对面试中问题回答技巧的作用，包括“不知道”回答的有效使用;鼓励和劝阻“不知道”回答问题的影响;以及操纵动机以提供准确回答对“不知道”回答的影响。最后，培训受访者有效回答问题对准确性和“不知道”的影响回答率将被评估。调查结果将与回答面试问题所涉及的记忆和决策过程的理解相关。这项工作将显著提高对“不知道”回答的理解，从而填补了关于回答问题的自然方面的知识空白。这项工作的第二个好处是潜在的应用领域，其中通过采访获得准确的信息是必不可少的（如法医或医疗保健应用）。研究结果将引起记忆、认知和元认知领域基础研究人员的兴趣，以及利用访谈收集信息的应用实践者。