Tendon physiology and biomechanics

创新*这项研究计划将产生对肌腱细胞行为的机械性见解，并将这些基本知识应用于改进的运动计划的开发，以满足人类保持身体活动的基本需求。这项拟议的研究将通过研究机械刺激肌腱细胞的生物学反应来促进我们对肌腱的理解。肌腱连接肌肉和骨骼，是一种致密的胶原组织，由专门的成纤维细胞填充。这些成纤维细胞周期性地承受拉伸应变，这在维持组织动态平衡和在负荷增加期间触发适应性组织反应方面非常重要。长期目标是开发新的锻炼计划，刺激健康成人肌腱的适应。背景可以提高肌肉和骨骼力量的锻炼计划的发展提高了我们社会成功老龄化的能力。然而，运动科学家和体力活动的支持者往往忽略了肌腱。最近的一系列研究表明，如果给予足够的训练刺激，肌腱可以变得更强壮，并提高它们的能量储存能力。肌腱强化的机制尚不完全清楚，但被认为涉及局部肌腱成纤维细胞(腱细胞)产生新的胶原纤维。肌腱的适应能力对研究很重要，因为肌腱在许多功能活动中起着至关重要的作用。*科学方法概述*实验工作将在髋关节健康和活动中心进行，这是一个由CFI和BC知识发展基金会资助的跨学科研究实验室，申请者是该中心的PI。肌腱机械生物学将使用实验室中的几台机器进行体外和体内检测，包括具有生物人工肌腱能力的Flexell装置、带有相关器官培养室的Bose Electrforce装置、用于人体运动研究的Biodex装置(结合肌电图仪、实时超声波和运动捕获系统)，以及配备仪表式跑步机的运动功能实验室，用于计算人体运动过程中肌腱能量的储存和释放。

Innovation******This research program will generate mechanistic insights into tendon cell behaviour, and will apply this fundamental knowledge to the development of improved exercise programs that address the basic human need to remain physically active. The proposed research will advance our understanding of human tendons by studying the biological responses of mechanically stimulated tendon cells.******Overview ******Tendons, which connect muscles and bones, are a dense collagenous tissue populated by specialized fibroblasts. These fibroblasts are periodically subjected to tensile strains, which are important in maintaining tissue homeostasis and triggering adaptive tissue responses during periods of increased loading. The longterm objective is to develop new exercise programs, which stimulate adaptation in healthy adult tendons.******Background******The development of exercise programs that can improve the strength of muscles and bones has improved our society's ability to age successfully. Exercise scientists and physical activity proponents, however, often overlook tendons. A recent series of studies has revealed that if given a sufficient training stimulus, tendons can become stronger and improve their energy storage capacity. The mechanisms underlying tendon strengthening are not fully understood, but are thought to involve the production of new collagen fibres by local tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes). The adaptive capacity of tendons is important to study, because tendons play a vital role in many functional activities.******Summary of the Scientific Approach ******The experimental work will be conducted in the Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, an interdisciplinary research laboratory equipped through grants from CFI and the BC Knowledge Development Foundation, on which the applicant was a PI. Tendon mechanobiology will be examined in vitro and in vivo using several machines in the laboratory including a FlexCell unit with bioartificial tendon capability, a Bose Electroforce unit with associated organ culture chambers, a Biodex unit for human exercise studies (in conjunction with electromyography, real-time ultrasound and motion capture system), and a motion function laboratory equipped with an instrumented treadmill for calculation of tendon energy storage and release during human movement.