Neural bases of speech production: contribution of common action control mechanisms

言语产生的神经基础：共同动作控制机制的贡献

• 批准号: 435774-2013
• 负责人: Tremblay, Pascale
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=667101
• 关键词: Neural; bases; speech; production; contribution

The act of speaking is an extremely complex behaviour. It begins with an intention to communicate, continues to the translation of the message into words, which in turn need to be organised in a meaningful sequence (i.e. sequenced) and converted into series of fast and precise muscle contractions. Even though the production of speech occurs remarkably rapidly and seemingly effortlessly, the underlying neural mechanisms for speaking remain far from understood. One aspect of the neural organization of speech that is particularly unclear is the degree to which the speech system is integrated into a common action control system, an idea that is at odd with the dominant idea that the neural machinery for speech production is dedicated to the specific task of producing language. The central goal of my research program is to understand the manner and extent to which the neural speech system in integrated into a common action control system. To achieve this global objective, I study the neural bases of processes that are involved in speaking and in producing other complex behaviours (e.g. typing on a keyboard), such as responses selection and sequencing. My previous work has identified a common network of brain areas involved response selection for speech and other complex behaviours. The specific objectives of my research program are (1) to isolate the neural system underlying response sequencing across motor domains (speech, finger and hand movements), and (2) to identify the commonalities and differences in the network supporting response selection and sequencing mechanisms across motor domains. To achieve these objectives, an innovative 5-year research program is proposed that involves functional brain imaging and brain stimulation in healthy adults. The knowledge that will be generated through this research program has tremendous importance for the development of more comprehensive neurobiological models of speech and language, which typically do not integrate common action control mechanisms, focusing instead on language-specific mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of general action control mechanisms in speech production may lead to the development of new speech rehabilitation strategies.

说话的行为是一种极其复杂的行为。它始于进行交流的意图，继续将消息转换为单词，而该单词又需要以有意义的顺序（即测序）进行组织，并转换为一系列快速，精确的肌肉收缩。即使言语的产生非常迅速，似乎毫不费力地发生，但讲话的基本神经机制仍然远远无法理解。言语神经组织的一个方面尤其不清楚的是语音系统融入一个共同的动作控制系统的程度，这种想法与主导观念奇怪的是，语音生产的神经机械专门针对产生语言的特定任务。我的研究计划的核心目标是了解神经语音系统集成到共同行动控制系统中的方式和程度。为了实现这一全球目标，我研究了在说话和产生其他复杂行为（例如在键盘上键入）的过程的神经基础，例如响应选择和测序。我以前的工作已经确定了一个通用的大脑区域网络，涉及对语音和其他复杂行为的响应选择。我的研究计划的具体目标是（1）隔离跨运动域（语音，手指和手动运动）的基础神经系统，以及（2）确定网络中支持响应选择和测序机制的网络中的共同点和差异。为了实现这些目标，提出了一项创新的5年研究计划，该计划涉及健康成年人的功能性脑成像和大脑刺激。通过该研究计划将产生的知识对于开发更全面的语音和语言神经生物学模型至关重要，这些神经生物学模型通常不会整合共同的动作控制机制，而是将重点放在语言特定的机制上。更好地了解一般行动控制机制在语音生产中的作用可能会导致新的语音康复策略的发展。