Neural bases of speech production: contribution of common action control mechanisms

言语产生的神经基础：共同动作控制机制的贡献

• 批准号: 435774-2013
• 负责人: Tremblay, Pascale
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=574171
• 关键词: Neural; bases; speech; production; contribution

The act of speaking is an extremely complex behaviour. It begins with an intention to communicate, continues to the translation of the message into words, which in turn need to be organised in a meaningful sequence (i.e. sequenced) and converted into series of fast and precise muscle contractions. Even though the production of speech occurs remarkably rapidly and seemingly effortlessly, the underlying neural mechanisms for speaking remain far from understood. One aspect of the neural organization of speech that is particularly unclear is the degree to which the speech system is integrated into a common action control system, an idea that is at odd with the dominant idea that the neural machinery for speech production is dedicated to the specific task of producing language. The central goal of my research program is to understand the manner and extent to which the neural speech system in integrated into a common action control system. To achieve this global objective, I study the neural bases of processes that are involved in speaking and in producing other complex behaviours (e.g. typing on a keyboard), such as responses selection and sequencing. My previous work has identified a common network of brain areas involved response selection for speech and other complex behaviours. The specific objectives of my research program are (1) to isolate the neural system underlying response sequencing across motor domains (speech, finger and hand movements), and (2) to identify the commonalities and differences in the network supporting response selection and sequencing mechanisms across motor domains. To achieve these objectives, an innovative 5-year research program is proposed that involves functional brain imaging and brain stimulation in healthy adults. The knowledge that will be generated through this research program has tremendous importance for the development of more comprehensive neurobiological models of speech and language, which typically do not integrate common action control mechanisms, focusing instead on language-specific mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of general action control mechanisms in speech production may lead to the development of new speech rehabilitation strategies.

说话的行为是一种极其复杂的行为。它从沟通的意图开始，继续将信息翻译成文字，而文字又需要以有意义的顺序（即排序）进行组织，并转化为一系列快速而精确的肌肉收缩。尽管言语的产生非常迅速且看似毫不费力，但言语的潜在神经机制仍远未被了解。语音神经组织的一个特别不清楚的方面是语音系统集成到共同动作控制系统中的程度，这一想法与语音产生的神经机制致力于产生语言的特定任务的主导思想不一致。我的研究计划的中心目标是了解神经语音系统集成到通用动作控制系统中的方式和程度。为了实现这一全球目标，我研究了说话和产生其他复杂行为（例如在键盘上打字）所涉及的过程的神经基础，例如响应选择和排序。我之前的工作已经确定了一个共同的大脑区域网络，涉及对言语和其他复杂行为的反应选择。我的研究计划的具体目标是（1）隔离跨运动域（语音、手指和手部运动）反应测序的神经系统，以及（2）识别支持跨运动域反应选择和测序机制的网络的共性和差异。为了实现这些目标，提出了一项为期 5 年的创新研究计划，其中涉及健康成年人的功能性脑成像和脑刺激。通过该研究计划产生的知识对于开发更全面的语音和语言神经生物学模型具有巨大的重要性，这些模型通常不整合常见的动作控制机制，而是专注于特定于语言的机制。更好地理解一般动作控制机制在言语产生中的作用可能会导致新言语康复策略的开发。