La Neurobiologie de la parole et de l'audition

口语和试镜的神经生物学

• 批准号: CRC-2022-00090
• 负责人: Tremblay, Pascale
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Canada Research Chairs
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764470
• 关键词: La; Neurobiologie; de; la; parole

The overall goal of this interdisciplinary research program is to understand how brain senescence and experience-induced brain plasticity can shape the anatomy and functioning of the human adult brain and impact the ability to perceive and produce speech sounds -the basic building blocks of human communication. The first specific objective of this program is to study plasticity within the speech system and its impact on brain activity and speech performance in young and older adults, and to identify the sources of variability. To achieve these goals, several studies combining non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), behavioural measures of speech, language and hearing, and electroencephalography (EEG) will be conducted, each targeting a different component of the speech system. This work will quantify plasticity in the different components of the neural speech system and reveal whether age reduces plasticity in this system. The second goal is to characterize the nature and trajectory of structural and functional changes within and beyond the speech system and their relationship to speech production and perception performance through two longitudinal training studies combining NIBS, EEG and MRI. In each study, three groups of healthy young and older adults will be compared: speech training only, NIBS only, and combined training+NIBS. It is expected that NIBS will enhance and even fast-track the effect of speech training; the training+NIBS group will show higher gains more rapidly, especially the younger adults. Training will focus on enhancing speech perception and production. Finally, the third goal is to use the knowledge generated as part of the program to develop the first theory of speech that integrates the notion of antagonistic forces constantly at play: senescence and plasticity. The development of a realistic neurobiological model of speech functions will have a transformative effect by generating predictions that will guide empirical speech research and provide a framework for interpreting findings. By advancing knowledge about NIBS and brain plasticity, this program will stimulate methodological developments and accelerate research on cognitive aging. This knowledge could also lead to innovation in the industry of brain-enhancing technologies and cognitive stimulation, which are flourishing despite adequate scientific support. Such technologies can facilitate language learning, enhance communication skills and promote healthy aging.

该跨学科研究计划的总体目标是了解大脑衰老和经验引起的大脑可塑性如何影响人类成人大脑的解剖结构和功能，并影响感知和产生语音的能力 - 人类交流的基本基础。该计划的第一个具体目标是研究语音系统中的可塑性及其对年轻和老年人的大脑活动和语音表现的影响，并确定可变性的来源。为了实现这些目标，将进行几项结合非侵入性大脑刺激（NIB），语言和听力的行为度量以及脑电图（EEG）（EEG）的研究，每个研究都将针对语音系统的不同组成部分进行。这项工作将量化神经语音系统不同组成部分的可塑性，并揭示年龄是否会降低该系统的可塑性。第二个目标是通过两项结合NIBS，EEG和MRI的纵向训练研究来表征语音系统内外结构和功能变化的性质和轨迹及其与语音产生和感知表现的关系。在每项研究中，将比较三组健康的年轻人和老年人：仅语音训练，仅NIB和培训+NIB。预计NIBS会增强甚至快速训练语音培训的效果；培训+NIBS组将更快地显示出更高的收益，尤其是年轻人。培训将集中于增强语​​音感知和产生。最后，第三个目标是将产生的知识用作程序的一部分，以开发第一个言语理论，该理论在不断发挥作用的拮抗力量概念：衰老和可塑性中。言语功能的现实神经生物学模型的发展将通过产生预测来引导经验语音研究并为解释发现提供框架。通过促进有关Nibs和大脑可塑性的知识，该程序将刺激方法论发展并加速对认知衰老的研究。这些知识还可能导致增强脑增强技术和认知刺激的行业的创新，尽管科学支持有足够的科学支持。这样的技术可以促进语言学习，增强沟通技巧并促进健康的衰老。