Investigating the influence of climate-induced landscape changes on water and carbon balances in permafrost landscapes

研究气候引起的景观变化对永久冻土景观水和碳平衡的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04286
• 负责人: Turner, Kevin
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=667321
• 关键词: Investigating; influence; climate; induced; landscape

The proposed research addresses the urgent need to identify and map the implications of climate-induced landscape changes on water and carbon balances in an ecologically and culturally significant lake-rich landscape in northern Canada. Old Crow Flats (OCF), YK is one of many lake-rich permafrost landscapes that are prominent across northern regions. These landscapes are ecological hotspots and provide important resources for northern communities. There is widespread evidence that these areas are highly sensitive to changing climate conditions. In particular, the 14,500-square-kilometre OCF basin has experienced drastically changing water levels, and shrub proliferation during recent decades. Potential impacts on wildlife have raised concerns about local food security. Furthermore, it is likely that warming ground temperatures is accelerating existing thaw slumps along the Old Crow River, as experienced elsewhere in northwestern Canada. However, it is unclear how the water and carbon balance of northern lake-rich landscapes are responding to land cover changes and disturbance. My research program will build on my previous work in OCF and provide training for nine HQP in pursuit of identifying these relations and refine predictions of how this important landscape will respond to future climate change. ***Integrating leading-edge research approaches to elucidate how water balance and carbon export responds under varying states of landscape change is of particular interest during this next five-year phase of research. Initially, locations and rates of shrub proliferation in OCF will be identified using spaceborne remote sensing, and bolstered by use of unmanned aviation systems (UAS) and dendrochronological techniques. Surface and sub-surface water and carbon balances will be derived using analyses of flow measurements and water chemical and isotopic properties measured at multiple scales (lake-specific and sub-catchment) and landscape features (creeks, lakes, fens, watertracks). River water chemistry measurements upstream and downstream of slump locations will be coupled with UAS-derived digital surface models of slumps to evaluate water quality and carbon export responses. Paleolimnological analyses will provide additional long-term context of how hydroecological conditions have responded to past climate and landscape modifications. Research outcomes will include refined knowledge of how water and carbon balances respond to climate-driven landscape changes and the basis to predict how these important lake-rich environments will respond to future conditions. This knowledge will be valuable for informing land management strategies and enhancing the capability of northern community adaptation as climate change continues.

提出的研究解决了迫切需要确定和绘制气候引起的景观变化对加拿大北部生态和文化上重要的湖泊丰富景观中水和碳平衡的影响。老乌鸦平原（OCF）， YK是北方地区众多湖泊丰富的永久冻土景观之一。这些景观是生态热点，为北方社区提供了重要的资源。有广泛的证据表明，这些地区对不断变化的气候条件非常敏感。特别是近几十年来，14,500平方公里的OCF盆地经历了急剧变化的水位和灌木增生。对野生动物的潜在影响引起了人们对当地粮食安全的担忧。此外，变暖的地面温度很可能正在加速老克罗河沿岸现有的融化滑坡，正如加拿大西北部其他地方所经历的那样。然而，目前尚不清楚北部湖泊丰富景观的水碳平衡如何响应土地覆盖的变化和干扰。我的研究计划将以我之前在OCF的工作为基础，并为9个HQP提供培训，以确定这些关系，并改进对这一重要景观如何应对未来气候变化的预测。***整合前沿研究方法，阐明在不同景观变化状态下水平衡和碳输出如何响应，是下一个五年研究阶段的特别兴趣。最初，OCF灌木生长的位置和速率将通过空间遥感确定，并辅以无人驾驶航空系统（UAS）和树木年代学技术。地表水和次地表水和碳平衡将通过分析流量测量和在多个尺度（特定湖泊和子集水区）和景观特征（小溪、湖泊、沼泽、水道）测量的水化学和同位素特性得出。滑塌位置上游和下游的河流水化学测量将与uas导出的滑塌数字表面模型相结合，以评估水质和碳输出响应。古湖泊学分析将提供额外的长期背景，说明水文生态条件如何响应过去的气候和景观变化。研究成果将包括水和碳平衡如何响应气候驱动的景观变化的完善知识，以及预测这些重要的湖泊丰富环境如何响应未来条件的基础。随着气候变化的持续，这些知识将有助于为土地管理战略提供信息，并提高北方社区适应气候变化的能力。