Spatial and temporal diversity of the bryophyte Arctic flora and associated cyanobacterial and fungal biota

北极苔藓植物区系及相关蓝藻和真菌生物群的时空多样性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05967
• 负责人: VillarrealAguilar, Juan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=667799
• 关键词: Spatial; temporal; diversity; bryophyte; Arctic

Inhospitable to most higher plants, arctic environments are dominated by cryptogams, including mosses, liverworts (collectively, bryophytes) and lichenized fungi. Initial studies on the Arctic suggest a mixed origin of the present bryophyte flora, with frequent long-distance dispersal events and local, pre-glaciation, diversification. As an initial step to uncover the origin of the Canadian arctic flora, I propose to use genomic resources to study the diversity, timing of origin and dispersal patterns of subarctic and arctic bryophytes. The alarming increase in global warming, due partly to anthropogenic activities, poses a threat to these critical ecosystems, and in particular bryophyte species that lack high dispersal capabilities (via spores or gametophyte fragments). The high dispersal capacity of most bryophytes brings the question whether their associated epiphyte flora (bacteria and fungi) is equally dispersed with bryophyte fragments or spores or it is native to the Arctic. Some arctic cyanobacteria and fungi display broad ranges (even bipolar distributions) whereas other have more localized distributions in subarctic and arctic regions. Despite the dramatic contribution of cyanobacteria, and probably fungi, to boreal and arctic ecosystems, at least regarding nitrogen fixation, we know little about the genetic diversity of the epiphytic and endophytic flora of subarctic and arctic Canadian bryophytes. Here I propose to take a concerted approach to study the bryophyte hosts and the associated epiphytes, to provide a more complete picture of current Canadian Arctic diversity and uncover past diversity, revealing ecosystem assemblage through time. The long-term objective is to map the extinct and extant biodiversity of cryptogams and extant associated cyanobacterial and fungal flora in Arctic Canada using a combination of field studies, DNA barcoding and next-generation/genomic approaches, while developing HQP in my lab using the most recent genetic tools, and providing data useful for conservation purposes for these fragile and threatened ecosystems. My lab team at Laval will be one of the centers of bryological work in North America and the epicentre of Arctic bryophyte research.

北极环境不适合大多数高等植物生长，主要是隐花植物，包括苔藓、地钱（统称为苔藓）和地衣化真菌。对北极的初步研究表明，目前的britunte植物群是混合起源的，具有频繁的远距离扩散事件和局部的、冰川期前的多样化。作为揭开加拿大北极植物群起源的第一步，我建议利用基因组资源来研究亚北极和北极的brabrites的多样性，起源和扩散模式的时间。部分由于人类活动，全球变暖的惊人增加对这些重要的生态系统构成了威胁，特别是缺乏高传播能力（通过孢子或配子体碎片）的brabente物种。大多数冰藻的高扩散能力带来了一个问题，即它们的相关附生植物群（细菌和真菌）是否与冰藻碎片或孢子同样分散，或者它是否是北极的原生生物。一些北极蓝细菌和真菌显示广泛的范围（甚至两极分布），而另一些在亚北极和北极地区有更多的本地化分布。尽管蓝藻，可能是真菌，北方和北极生态系统的巨大贡献，至少在固氮方面，我们知道很少的附生和内生植物群的遗传多样性的亚北极和北极加拿大brabrites。在这里，我建议采取协调一致的方法来研究的brabrite主机和相关的附生植物，提供一个更完整的图片，目前加拿大北极的多样性和揭示过去的多样性，揭示生态系统组合通过时间。长期的目标是绘制灭绝和现存的生物多样性的隐花植物和现存的相关蓝藻和真菌植物群在加拿大北极地区使用的实地研究相结合，DNA条形码和下一代/基因组方法，同时开发HQP在我的实验室使用最新的遗传工具，并提供数据有用的保护这些脆弱和受威胁的生态系统的目的。我在拉瓦尔的实验室团队将成为北美苔藓学工作的中心之一，也是北极苔藓研究的中心。