Spatial and temporal diversity of the bryophyte Arctic flora and associated cyanobacterial and fungal biota

北极苔藓植物区系及相关蓝藻和真菌生物群的时空多样性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05967
• 负责人: VillarrealAguilar, Juan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709212
• 关键词: Spatial; temporal; diversity; bryophyte; Arctic

Inhospitable to most higher plants, arctic environments are dominated by cryptogams, including mosses, liverworts (collectively, bryophytes) and lichenized fungi. Initial studies on the Arctic suggest a mixed origin of the present bryophyte flora, with frequent long-distance dispersal events and local, pre-glaciation, diversification. As an initial step to uncover the origin of the Canadian arctic flora, I propose to use genomic resources to study the diversity, timing of origin and dispersal patterns of subarctic and arctic bryophytes. The alarming increase in global warming, due partly to anthropogenic activities, poses a threat to these critical ecosystems, and in particular bryophyte species that lack high dispersal capabilities (via spores or gametophyte fragments). The high dispersal capacity of most bryophytes brings the question whether their associated epiphyte flora (bacteria and fungi) is equally dispersed with bryophyte fragments or spores or it is native to the Arctic. Some arctic cyanobacteria and fungi display broad ranges (even bipolar distributions) whereas other have more localized distributions in subarctic and arctic regions. Despite the dramatic contribution of cyanobacteria, and probably fungi, to boreal and arctic ecosystems, at least regarding nitrogen fixation, we know little about the genetic diversity of the epiphytic and endophytic flora of subarctic and arctic Canadian bryophytes. Here I propose to take a concerted approach to study the bryophyte hosts and the associated epiphytes, to provide a more complete picture of current Canadian Arctic diversity and uncover past diversity, revealing ecosystem assemblage through time. The long-term objective is to map the extinct and extant biodiversity of cryptogams and extant associated cyanobacterial and fungal flora in Arctic Canada using a combination of field studies, DNA barcoding and next-generation/genomic approaches, while developing HQP in my lab using the most recent genetic tools, and providing data useful for conservation purposes for these fragile and threatened ecosystems. My lab team at Laval will be one of the centers of bryological work in North America and the epicentre of Arctic bryophyte research.

北极环境不适合大多数高等植物生长，以隐花植物为主，包括苔藓、苔藓(统称为苔藓植物)和地衣真菌。对北极的初步研究表明，现今苔藓植物区系的起源是混合的，有频繁的长距离扩散事件，也有局部的、前冰川作用、多样化。作为揭开加拿大北极植物区系起源的第一步，我建议利用基因组资源来研究亚北极和北极苔藓植物的多样性、起源时间和扩散模式。部分由人为活动引起的全球变暖加剧令人担忧，对这些关键生态系统构成威胁，特别是缺乏高扩散能力的苔藓物种(通过孢子或配子体碎片)。大多数苔藓植物的高扩散能力带来了一个问题，即它们相关的附生植物区系(细菌和真菌)是与苔藓植物碎片或孢子均匀分布的，还是北极本土的。一些北极蓝藻和真菌表现出广泛的分布范围(甚至两极分布)，而另一些则在亚北极和北极地区有更局部性的分布。尽管蓝藻，可能还有真菌，对北方和北极的生态系统做出了巨大的贡献，至少在固氮方面，我们对加拿大亚北极和北极苔藓植物附生和内生植物区系的遗传多样性知之甚少。在这里，我建议采取协调一致的方法来研究苔藓植物宿主和相关的附生植物，以提供更完整的加拿大当前北极多样性的图景，并揭示过去的多样性，揭示随时间推移的生态系统组合。长期目标是利用实地研究、DNA条形码和下一代/基因组方法相结合的方法，绘制加拿大北极地区已灭绝和现存的隐藻和与之相关的蓝藻和真菌植物群的生物多样性图，同时使用最新的遗传工具在我的实验室开发HQP，并为这些脆弱和受威胁的生态系统的保护目的提供有用的数据。我在拉瓦尔的实验室团队将是北美苔藓学工作的中心之一，也是北极苔藓植物研究的中心。