Understanding the mechanisms for soil ecosystem services from 'perennialized' annual cropping systems

了解“多年生化”一年生种植系统的土壤生态系统服务机制

• 批准号: 494224-2016
• 负责人: WagnerRiddle, Claudia
• 金额: $ 14.77万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=667940
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanisms; soil; ecosystem; services

Non-diversified crop rotations such as long-term monoculture of annual crops, frequent tillage, and reliance on fertilizer applications can result in the decline of soil quality, threatening the sustainability of food production systems. The implications of poor soil quality on long-term agricultural production are of local, national and global concern because of the increase in future food and water demands. Soil quality, defined as "the capacity of soil to function" is important to sustain crop productivity and the provision of soil ecosystem services (SES) such as greenhouse gas emission mitigation, support of microbial diversity, soil organic matter storage, and water filtration. The 'perennialization' of annual cropping systems is the integration of cover crops or intercrops such that the soil is never left fallow, in addition to diversifying annual crop rotations, a strategy that mimics natural ecosystems and is postulated to increase agricultural resilience to climate change, soil quality and provision of SES. The proposed research will investigate the mechanisms controlling soil quality and SES so the potential benefits and trade-offs of perennialized annual crop systems can be better understood. We propose to compare conventional and perennialized systems applied to corn, winter-wheat and soybean production using three experiments: 1) large high-precision weighing field lysimeters of 2 soil types and manipulated for warmer winter and summer drought (new infrastructure); 2) 35-yr long-term crop rotation; 3) field scale micrometeorological plots. We will use sophisticated techniques to characterize soil microbial communities, soil organic matter quality, greenhouse gas emissions, water budget, nitrate leaching and crop productivity (e.g. metagenomics, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, isotopic tracers, cavity ring-down spectroscopy), bringing together a unique team of experts in collaboration with partners in the agricultural sector and in government. Collected data will be used for validation of biogeochemical and hydrological models used at the national scale. Research outcomes will contribute to the economic and environmental viability of crop production through increased resilience to climate change and mitigation of trade-offs.******

一年生作物长期单一种植、频繁耕作和依赖化肥等非多样化的轮作可导致土壤质量下降，威胁粮食生产系统的可持续性。由于未来粮食和水需求的增加，土壤质量差对长期农业生产的影响是地方、国家和全球关注的问题。土壤质量被定义为“土壤功能的能力”，对于维持作物生产力和提供土壤生态系统服务（SES）（如温室气体减排，微生物多样性，土壤有机质储存和水过滤）非常重要。 一年生作物系统的“多年生化”是覆盖作物或间作作物的整合，使土壤永远不会休耕，除了多样化的年度作物轮作，这是一种模仿自然生态系统的战略，旨在提高农业对气候变化的适应能力，土壤质量和SES的提供。 拟议的研究将调查控制土壤质量和SES的机制，以便更好地了解多年生一年生作物系统的潜在利益和权衡。 我们建议使用三个实验来比较应用于玉米、冬小麦和大豆生产的常规和多年生系统：1）2种土壤类型的大型高精度称重田间蒸渗仪，并针对暖冬和夏季干旱进行操作（新基础设施）; 2）35年的长期作物轮作; 3）田间尺度微气象小区。我们将使用先进的技术来表征土壤微生物群落，土壤有机质质量，温室气体排放，水收支，硝酸盐淋溶和作物生产力（例如宏基因组学，核磁共振光谱，同位素示踪剂，光腔衰荡光谱），与农业部门和政府的合作伙伴合作，汇集了一支独特的专家团队。 收集的数据将用于验证在国家一级使用的地球化学和水文模型。 研究成果将通过提高对气候变化的适应能力和减轻权衡，促进作物生产的经济和环境可行性。