Understanding the mechanisms for soil ecosystem services from 'perennialized' annual cropping systems

了解“多年生化”一年生种植系统的土壤生态系统服务机制

• 批准号: 494224-2016
• 负责人: WagnerRiddle, Claudia
• 金额: $ 14.77万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=667940
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanisms; soil; ecosystem; services

Non-diversified crop rotations such as long-term monoculture of annual crops, frequent tillage, and reliance on fertilizer applications can result in the decline of soil quality, threatening the sustainability of food production systems. The implications of poor soil quality on long-term agricultural production are of local, national and global concern because of the increase in future food and water demands. Soil quality, defined as "the capacity of soil to function" is important to sustain crop productivity and the provision of soil ecosystem services (SES) such as greenhouse gas emission mitigation, support of microbial diversity, soil organic matter storage, and water filtration. The 'perennialization' of annual cropping systems is the integration of cover crops or intercrops such that the soil is never left fallow, in addition to diversifying annual crop rotations, a strategy that mimics natural ecosystems and is postulated to increase agricultural resilience to climate change, soil quality and provision of SES. The proposed research will investigate the mechanisms controlling soil quality and SES so the potential benefits and trade-offs of perennialized annual crop systems can be better understood. We propose to compare conventional and perennialized systems applied to corn, winter-wheat and soybean production using three experiments: 1) large high-precision weighing field lysimeters of 2 soil types and manipulated for warmer winter and summer drought (new infrastructure); 2) 35-yr long-term crop rotation; 3) field scale micrometeorological plots. We will use sophisticated techniques to characterize soil microbial communities, soil organic matter quality, greenhouse gas emissions, water budget, nitrate leaching and crop productivity (e.g. metagenomics, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, isotopic tracers, cavity ring-down spectroscopy), bringing together a unique team of experts in collaboration with partners in the agricultural sector and in government. Collected data will be used for validation of biogeochemical and hydrological models used at the national scale. Research outcomes will contribute to the economic and environmental viability of crop production through increased resilience to climate change and mitigation of trade-offs.******

非多样化的农作物轮作，例如年度农作物的长期单一文化，经常耕作以及对肥料施用的依赖，可能会导致土壤质量的下降，从而威胁食品生产系统的可持续性。由于未来的粮食和水需求增加，土壤质量对长期农业生产的含义是本地，国家和全球关注的。土壤质量，被定义为“土壤功能的能力”对于维持农作物生产力和提供土壤生态系统服务（SES）（例如温室气体排放缓解，支持微生物多样性，土壤有机物存储和水过滤）很重要。 年度农作物系统的“多年生化”是覆盖作物或间作卷的整合，使土壤从未流过休耕，除了多样化的每年农作物轮作多样化，这种策略模仿了自然生态系统，并被认为可以提高农业弹性对气候变化，土壤质量，SES的土壤质量和SES的提供。 拟议的研究将调查控制土壤质量和SES的机制，以便更好地理解多年生植物系统的潜在益处和权衡。 我们建议使用三个实验比较应用于玉米，冬小麦和大豆生产的常规和多年生系统：1）2种土壤类型的大量高精度称重田间裂解液，并通过操纵冬季和夏季干旱（新基础设施）； 2）35岁的长期作物旋转； 3）田间尺度的微气象图。我们将使用复杂的技术来表征土壤微生物群落，土壤有机物质量，温室气体排放，水预算，硝酸盐浸出和作物生产力（例如，元基因组学，核磁共振光谱，同位素示踪剂，同位素示踪剂，腔体环形光谱），使政府与一员组合派出了一员，并将其组合起来。 收集的数据将用于验证国家规模上使用的生物地球化学和水文模型。 研究成果将通过增加对气候变化和缓解权衡的韧性来为作物生产的经济和环境生存能力做出贡献。******