The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis as a tripartite association: understanding the recruitment mechanisms among plants, AM fungi and their associated soil microbes

丛枝菌根 (AM) 共生作为三方关联：了解植物、AM 真菌及其相关土壤微生物之间的补充机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04178
• 负责人: Hijri, Mohamed
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765204
• 关键词: arbuscular; mycorrhizal; AM; symbiosis; tripartite

The root-associated microbiome is a key determinant of soil nutrient availability, plant biomass productivity and pollutant degradation, but could not be examined in depth prior to recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Plan root-associated microbiome refers here to the whole community of bacteria and fungi living on the surface and/or inside plant roots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constitute a widespread soil fungal group, which establishes symbiotic associations with the majority of vascular plants. Once AMF colonize plant roots, they develop an extraradical hyphal network, promote nutrient uptake, in particular phosphorus and nitrogen, and protect plants against soil-borne pathogens. As fungi that extend their hypha into the rhizosphere and the surrounding soil, AMF not only interact with plants, but also with a myriad of soil microbes. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have showed that a large range of bacterial species are living on the surface and/or inside mycelia, spores and intraradical propagules of AMF. Some fungal taxa have also been reported to be associated with AMF mycelia.My research program aims to understand and decipher the tripartite interaction of AMF with their host-plant and their associated microbes in nutrient cycling with a particular focus on AMF biology. To that end, my lab will examine the following specific fundamental questions in AMF biology:- How do AMF recruit their associated microbes?- What are the factors that influence the community structure of these associated microbes?- What are the mechanisms by which AMF filter microbial communities?- Do horizontal gene transfers occur between AMF and their associated microbes?- Do AMF have a circadian rhythm that is synchronized with plants rhythmic oscillations?Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments, omics and bioinformatics approaches, my research team will seek to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in such tripartite interaction with AMF-host plant-soil microbes.My proposed research program will train HQPs in a multidisciplinary and multicultural environments and it will lead to a better understanding of soil microbial ecology and nutrients cycling. It will also yield fundamental insights into plant-microbe interactions and expand our knowledge of symbiotic organisms. AMF play an important role in soil biology. These ubiquitous fungi exist in almost any soil and play a central role in the functioning of ecosystems by forming mycorrhizae with more than 80% of plant species. The understanding of their biology is therefore a key factor in strategies to modify agricultural practices and enhance a perspective for sustainable agriculture. Graduate students engaged in the proposed work will receive excellent interdisciplinary training in genomics, bioinformatics and soil microbiology.

根相关的微生物组是土壤养分可利用率，植物生物量生产力和污染物降解的关键决定因素，但在高通量测序和生物信息技术的最新进展之前，无法深入研究。计划与根相关的微生物组引用了整个生活在地表和/或植物根部的细菌和真菌社区。弧形菌根真菌（AMF）构成了一个广泛的土壤真菌群，它与大多数血管植物建立了共生关联。一旦AMF定居植物根，他们就会发展出一个自然菌丝网络，促进营养摄取，特别是磷和氮，并保护植物免受土壤传播病原体的侵害。随着将其菌丝扩展到根际和周围土壤中的真菌，AMF不仅与植物相互作用，而且与无数的土壤微生物相互作用。几项体内和体外研究表明，AMF的菌丝体和/或菌丝体，孢子和自然繁殖体的表面和/或内部有很多细菌。据报道，一些真菌分类群也与AMF Mycelia有关。我的研究计划旨在理解和破译AMF与宿主植物及其相关的营养循环中的三方相互作用，并特别关注AMF生物学。为此，我的实验室将研究AMF生物学中的以下具体基本问题： - AMF如何招募其相关的微生物？ - 哪些因素会影响这些相关微生物的社区结构的因素？ - AMF过滤微生物群落的机制是什么机制？ - 哪些机制是什么？振荡？使用体外和体内实验，OMICS和生物信息学方法的结合，我的研究团队将寻求揭开与AMF-HOST植物土壤薄膜相互作用所涉及的分子机制。我建议的研究计划将在多学科和多学位的环境中训练HQP，并以cy型和跨性别的方式培训HQP。它还将产生对植物 - 微生物相互作用的基本见解，并扩大我们对共生生物的了解。 AMF在土壤生物学中起重要作用。这些无处不在的真菌几乎存在于任何土壤中，并通过形成超过80％的植物物种的菌根，在生态系统的功能中起着核心作用。因此，对其生物学的理解是修改农业实践并增强可持续农业观点的战略的关键因素。从事拟议工作的研究生将接受基因组学，生物信息学和土壤微生物学的出色跨学科培训。