The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis as a tripartite association: understanding the recruitment mechanisms among plants, AM fungi and their associated soil microbes

根相关微生物组是土壤养分供应、植物生物量生产力和污染物降解的关键决定因素，但在高通量测序和生物信息学的最新进展之前，无法对其进行深入研究。植物根相关微生物组在这里是指生活在植物根表面和/或内部的细菌和真菌的整个群落。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是一个分布广泛的土壤真菌类群，与大多数维管植物建立了共生关系。一旦AMF定殖于植物根部，它们就形成根外菌丝网络，促进营养吸收，特别是磷和氮，并保护植物免受土传病原体的侵害。作为将菌丝延伸到根际和周围土壤的真菌，AMF不仅与植物相互作用，还与无数土壤微生物相互作用。一些体内和体外研究表明，大量的细菌物种生活在AMF的菌丝体、孢子和根内繁殖体的表面和/或内部。一些真菌分类群也被报道与AMF菌丝体有关。我的研究项目旨在了解和破译AMF与其宿主植物及其相关微生物在营养循环中的三方相互作用，特别关注AMF生物学。为此，我的实验室将研究AMF生物学中的以下具体基本问题：*-AMF如何招募其相关微生物？*-影响这些相关微生物群落结构的因素有哪些？*- AMF过滤微生物群落的机制是什么？*- AMF和其相关微生物之间是否发生水平基因转移？*- AMF是否具有与植物节律振荡同步的昼夜节律？*使用体外和体内实验，组学和生物信息学方法的组合，我的研究团队将寻求解开与AMF宿主植物-土壤微生物的三方相互作用所涉及的分子机制。我提出的研究计划将在多学科和多元文化的环境中培养HQP，这将导致更好地了解土壤微生物生态和养分循环。它还将产生对植物-微生物相互作用的基本见解，并扩大我们对共生生物的了解。AMF在土壤生物学中具有重要作用。这些无处不在的真菌存在于几乎任何土壤中，并通过与80%以上的植物物种形成真菌群落，在生态系统的功能中发挥核心作用。因此，了解它们的生物学是改变农业做法和加强可持续农业前景的战略的一个关键因素。从事这项工作的研究生将获得基因组学、生物信息学和土壤微生物学方面的优秀跨学科培训。

The root-associated microbiome is a key determinant of soil nutrient availability, plant biomass productivity and pollutant degradation, but could not be examined in depth prior to recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Plan root-associated microbiome refers here to the whole community of bacteria and fungi living on the surface and/or inside plant roots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constitute a widespread soil fungal group, which establishes symbiotic associations with the majority of vascular plants. Once AMF colonize plant roots, they develop an extraradical hyphal network, promote nutrient uptake, in particular phosphorus and nitrogen, and protect plants against soil-borne pathogens. As fungi that extend their hypha into the rhizosphere and the surrounding soil, AMF not only interact with plants, but also with a myriad of soil microbes. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have showed that a large range of bacterial species are living on the surface and/or inside mycelia, spores and intraradical propagules of AMF. Some fungal taxa have also been reported to be associated with AMF mycelia.***My research program aims to understand and decipher the tripartite interaction of AMF with their host-plant and their associated microbes in nutrient cycling with a particular focus on AMF biology. To that end, my lab will examine the following specific fundamental questions in AMF biology:***- How do AMF recruit their associated microbes?***- What are the factors that influence the community structure of these associated microbes?***- What are the mechanisms by which AMF filter microbial communities?***- Do horizontal gene transfers occur between AMF and their associated microbes?***- Do AMF have a circadian rhythm that is synchronized with plants rhythmic oscillations?***Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments, omics and bioinformatics approaches, my research team will seek to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in such tripartite interaction with AMF-host plant-soil microbes.***My proposed research program will train HQPs in a multidisciplinary and multicultural environments and it will lead to a better understanding of soil microbial ecology and nutrients cycling. It will also yield fundamental insights into plant-microbe interactions and expand our knowledge of symbiotic organisms. AMF play an important role in soil biology. These ubiquitous fungi exist in almost any soil and play a central role in the functioning of ecosystems by forming mycorrhizae with more than 80% of plant species. The understanding of their biology is therefore a key factor in strategies to modify agricultural practices and enhance a perspective for sustainable agriculture. Graduate students engaged in the proposed work will receive excellent interdisciplinary training in genomics, bioinformatics and soil microbiology.