Method and System for Denoising Amplification of a Signal

用于信号去噪放大的方法和系统

• 批准号: 538537-2019
• 负责人: Azaña, José
• 金额: $ 1.03万
• 依托单位: Institut national de la recherche scientifique
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Idea to Innovation
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=675456
• 关键词: Method; System; Denoising; Amplification; Signal

The problem of noise is ubiquitous in fields of science and engineering, ultimately limiting the capability to detect weak signals. In particular, very weak signals can be lost in background noise, at which point conventional (active) amplification methods, where the intensity of a signal is increased by injecting additional energy, fail to properly amplify a noisy signal since the background noise is amplified along with the signal of interest, while also adding additional noise. In this case, noise mitigation techniques must be employed to recover the signal from noise. This is often done using a band-pass filter, which lets only the energy within a particular frequency band go through, whereas the other frequency components are discarded. However, there are two particular regimes that are problematic with this technique: signals that are made up of very few frequencies, corresponding to slow temporal variations (narrowband signals), and signals that are made up of a very large collection of frequencies, corresponding to ultra-fast time varying signals (broadband signals). For the case of narrowband signals, typical band pass filters have a limitation with respect to the minimum width of the pass-band. Therefore, noise mitigation is not optimal since the pass band of the filter cannot match that of the signal of interest. For the case of broadband signals, much of the noise is contained within the frequency band of the signal itself (the so-called in-band noise), such that filtering this noise would lead to a distortion of the signal. The subject of in-band noise mitigation has been a long-lasting problem in the field of signal processing.Here we propose a novel system for denoising amplification of a signal, which can be reconfigured to act either in the temporal domain, where it is appropriate for narrowband signals, or in the spectral domain, where it is appropriate to mitigate in-band noise of broadband signals. The market study will help in identifying the applications of most immediate interest for the proposed technology, i.e., to confirm the specific Canadian and foreign companies we could work with for a technology transfer and commercialization of the technology.

噪声问题在科学和工程领域中普遍存在，最终限制了对微弱信号的检测能力。具体地说，非常弱的信号可能丢失在背景噪声中，在这一点上，通过注入附加能量来增加信号强度的传统(有源)放大方法不能正确地放大噪声信号，因为背景噪声与感兴趣的信号一起被放大，同时还增加了附加噪声。在这种情况下，必须采用噪声抑制技术来从噪声中恢复信号。这通常是使用带通滤波器来完成的，它只允许特定频段内的能量通过，而其他频率分量则被丢弃。然而，该技术有两个特定的制度有问题：由非常少的频率组成的信号，对应于缓慢的时间变化(窄带信号)，以及由非常大的频率集合组成的信号，对应于超快时变信号(宽带信号)。对于窄带信号的情况，典型的带通滤波器对于通带的最小宽度具有限制。因此，噪声抑制不是最佳的，因为滤波器的通带不能与感兴趣的信号的通带匹配。对于宽带信号的情况，大部分噪声包含在信号本身的频带内(所谓的带内噪声)，因此滤波该噪声将导致信号失真。带内噪声抑制一直是信号处理领域中一个长期存在的问题。本文提出了一种新的信号去噪放大系统，该系统可以重新配置为既可以在适用于窄带信号的时间域中工作，也可以在适用于窄带信号的频域中工作，其中它适合于抑制宽带信号的带内噪声。市场研究将有助于确定与拟议技术最直接相关的应用，即确定我们可以与哪些加拿大和外国公司合作进行技术转让和技术商业化。