In vitro and in vivo evaluation of equine probiotics

加拿大的马营养品行业是国内兽医补充剂行业中规模最大、增长最快的部门。本研究的目的是评价在抗生素攻击期间加拿大膳食益生菌（“ProbioPLUS”; Selected Bioproducts Inc;圭尔夫ON）（PBP）对马后肠微生物区系的体外和体内影响。本研究的目的是：1）使用厌氧培养室建立马盲肠的体外模型; 2）使用目标1中建立的模型来确定常用马抗生素的作用（磺胺嘧啶/甲氧苄啶; STP）对pH值和细菌代谢产物的影响在存在和不存在PBP的模拟消化物的情况下的（乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐）生产;和3）评价口服抗生素对接受含PBP（0或66 g/天）饮食10天的马的粪便微生物谱的影响。目标1和2将开发一种马盲肠微生物环境的体外模拟，该模型将用于评价PPB对抗生素微生物破坏的影响。将马的死后盲肠液保存在连续流厌氧室中，并测量pH值、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、乳酸盐和微生物种群的RNA测序。一旦建立，我们将在存在或不存在PBP的情况下引入一种常见的马抗生素（磺胺嘧啶/甲氧苄啶; STP），并确定其对上述结局指标的影响。 目的3将评价在STP给药前10天、给药期间和给药后10天，经口给予STP对接受PBP（0或66 g/天）的马的粪便质量和微生物特征的影响。马使用抗生素通常与马可能危及生命的结肠炎有关，这可能是由于胃肠道微生物组的破坏。这项研究将提供关于饮食益生菌对驱虫处理的马的后肠微生物群的影响的重要新信息，并将确定抗生素和益生菌在马以及其他兽医物种和人类中共同施用的价值。

The equine nutraceuticals industry in Canada is the largest and most rapidly growing division of the domestic veterinary supplements sector. The Goal of the current study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo impact of a Canadian dietary probiotic ('ProbioPLUS'; Selected Bioproducts Inc; Guelph ON) (PBP) on the equine hind-gut microflora during an antibiotic challenge. The objectives of the current study are: 1) Create an in vitro model of the equine cecum using an anaerobic culture chamber; 2) use the model created in Objective 1 to determine effects of a common equine antibiotic (Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim; STP) on pH and bacterial metabolite (acetate, propionate and butyrate) production in the presence and absence of a simulated digest of PBP; and 3) evaluate effect of oral antibiotics on fecal microbial profile of horses receiving a diet containing PBP (0 or 66g/day) for 10 days. Objectives 1 and 2 will develop an in vitro simulation of the equine cecal microbial environment, and this model will be used to evaluate the impact of PPB on microbial disruption by antibiotics. Post-mortem cecal fluid from horses will be maintained in a continuous flow anaerobic chamber, and pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and RNA sequencing of microbial populations will be measured. Once established, we will then introduce a common equine antibiotic (Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim; STP) in the presence or absence of PBP, and determine its effect on the outcome measures described above. Objective 3 will evaluate the effect of oral STP on fecal quality and microbial profile in horses receiving PBP (0 or 66g/day) for 10 days prior to, during, and days following 10 days of STP administration. Antibiotic use in horses is often associated with potentially life-threatening colitis in horses, likely due to a disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiome. This study will provide important new information on the effect of dietary probiotics on the hind-gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated horses, and will determine the value of co-administration of antibiotics and probiotics in horses as well as other veterinary species and humans.