Long-term responses of aquatic ecosystems to environmental change

水生生态系统对环境变化的长期响应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05837
• 负责人: Antoniades, Dermot
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679826
• 关键词: Long; term; responses; aquatic; ecosystems

My NSERC research program will focus on polar aquatic ecosystems and their long-term responses to environmental change. My research team will place emphasis on three central themes: (1) Understanding the history of ice shelves and sea ice along northern Ellesmere Island is critical because not only are northern ice shelves valuable sentinels of Arctic climate warming, but they also have implications for shipping given that they reflect sea ice conditions, and their fracturing may spawn ice islands that threaten ship safety. We will reconstruct the Holocene history of northern Ellesmere Island ice shelves from fiord sediment cores. (2) Developing records of long-term climate change and the effects of Hudson Bay sea ice in Tursujuq National Park, Nunavik: The Hudson Bay region was among the parts of the Arctic least affected by climate change during the 20th Century; over the past two decades it has been among the most rapidly warming regions largely due to recent sea ice declines. Such changes have important effects on terrestrial ecosystems important to local residents, including lake ice, permafrost conditions and plant phenology. Studies of long-term climate dynamics in eastern Hudson Bay are needed to understand regional climate change and its consequences for terrestrial ecosystems. (3) In the Antarctic Peninsula we will address the hypothesis that human activities related to research stations have produced and/or mobilized contaminants that have been deposited in lake catchments, caused changes in catchment erosion and nutrient concentrations, and altered lake biota. We study reconstruct these changes using paleolimnological studies of lakes on Fildes Peninsula, one of the most impacted regions in Antarctica. We will examine multiple biological and geochemical indicators to establish conditions prior to the arrival of humans and determine the degree of change due to local anthropogenic activities. The understanding of human effects on fragile Antarctic ecosystems will help also help guide future development in northern regions due to the similarities between Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems.***These objectives will be accomplished through analysis of the sedimentary records of lakes and fiords, using modern paleoecological techniques to infer past environmental conditions. Proxy indicators applied in the research will include diatoms, photosynthetic pigments, organic matter and geochemical markers. My research will provide insights into critical issues affecting aquatic ecosystems in some of the world's most rapidly changing regions and the understanding generated by these studies will thus enable northern communities to predict and adapt to future changes of the local aquatic ecosystems that are crucial natural resources. My research will increase public awareness, inform policymakers and assist sound decision making in water use issues.***********

我的NSERC研究计划将侧重于极地水生生态系统及其对环境变化的长期反应。我的研究小组将重点放在三个中心主题上：（1）了解北方埃尔斯米尔岛沿着冰架和海冰的历史至关重要，因为北方冰架不仅是北极气候变暖的宝贵哨兵，而且它们还对航运产生影响，因为它们反映了海冰状况，它们的破裂可能会产生威胁船舶安全的冰岛。我们将重建北方埃尔斯米尔岛冰架从峡湾沉积物岩心全新世的历史。(2)在努纳维克的Tursujuq国家公园开发长期气候变化和哈德逊湾海冰影响的记录：哈德逊湾地区是20世纪受气候变化影响最小的北极地区之一;在过去的二十年里，它一直是最迅速变暖的地区之一，主要是由于最近的海冰减少。这种变化对当地居民十分重要的陆地生态系统，包括湖冰、永冻层条件和植物物候，产生了重大影响。需要对哈德逊湾东部的长期气候动力学进行研究，以了解区域气候变化及其对陆地生态系统的影响。(3)在南极半岛，我们将解决这样的假设：与研究站相关的人类活动产生和/或动员了沉积在湖泊集水区的污染物，导致集水区侵蚀和营养物浓度的变化，并改变湖泊生物群。我们研究重建这些变化，利用古湖泊学研究菲尔德斯半岛，在南极洲最受影响的地区之一。我们将检查多个生物和地球化学指标，以确定人类到来之前的条件，并确定当地人类活动造成的变化程度。由于北极和南极生态系统之间的相似性，了解人类活动对脆弱的南极生态系统的影响也将有助于指导北方地区今后的发展。这些目标将通过分析湖泊和峡湾的沉积记录来实现，利用现代古生态技术推断过去的环境条件。研究中应用的代用指标将包括硅藻、光合色素、有机质和地球化学标志物。我的研究将为影响世界上一些变化最快的地区的水生生态系统的关键问题提供见解，这些研究所产生的理解将使北方社区能够预测和适应当地水生生态系统的未来变化，这是至关重要的自然资源。我的研究将提高公众意识，为政策制定者提供信息，并协助在水资源利用问题上做出合理的决策。