Phosphorus transformation and transport from fertilizers and manures

化肥和粪肥中磷的转化和运输

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05885
• 负责人: Akinremi, Olalekan
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679923
• 关键词: Phosphorus; transformation; transport; fertilizers; manures

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all forms of life including agricultural crops.The soil supply of P is augmented by fertilizer addition to ensure economic yield. However, the fertilizer use efficiency of P by agricultural crops rarely exceeds 20% in the year of application. Increasing the efficiency of fertilizer P by manipulating the chemistry of the fertilizer band will produce both agronomic and environmental benefits. This is through a reduction in P fertilizer and residual soil P thereby reducing the risk of P loss to surface waters. For example, in 2013, Lake Winnipeg, the 10th largest body of freshwater and 3rd largest reservoir of hydroelectric in the world, was declared as the “Threatened Lake of the Year” by the Global Nature Fund. There is therefore an urgent need to better understand the dynamics of P in agricultural soils to aid the establishment of practices that effectively reduce the loss of P from soils to surface waters. My research program investigates the transport and transformation of P in soil following additions of fertilizers and manures. For the next 5-year cycle, I propose a series of innovative studies on fertilizer and manure P that will address some of the agronomic and environmental challenges of managing P. In the area of agronomy, my long-term objective is to generate a better understanding of soil P dynamics that can be used to significantly increase the efficiency of fertilizer P. Studies that my group has conducted to date have shown that the mobility and solubility of P is increased by the co-application of sulfate salts with P. We have also discovered that the species of P that are formed in model soils was influenced by sulfate salt. We therefore need to identify and quantify the species of P formed in real soils and relate these to increased solubility of P when sulfate salts are added to P. My HQP and I will study the relationship between soil properties and response to sulfate salts and develop a sulfate salt response index for agricultural soils. I will use chemical equilibrium model to provide mechanistic information on P sorption and precipitation in soils. We will compare the movement and solubility of P from different animal manure bands to that of P fertilizer. The information that we generate will aid our efforts at finding the right formula for improving fertilizer use efficiency of P and the management of manure P. If P use efficiency is increased by 10%, for example, there is a saving of $60 million per annum by Canadian farmers in P fertilizer cost. This 5-year cycle of Discovery Grant research will support the training of 2 PhD and 3 MSc students who will gain skills in the area of P chemistry and the use of modern spectroscopic techniques. They will be desirable employees as scientists in government labs and departments, academics, and fertilizer industry. Because of the increasing importance of P across different jurisdictions, Canada needs more people trained in this area.*** **

磷 (P) 是包括农作物在内的所有生命形式的必需元素。通过添加肥料来增加土壤的磷供应，以确保经济产量。然而，施用当年农作物对磷肥的利用率很少超过20%。通过控制肥料带的化学成分来提高肥料磷的效率将产生农艺和环境效益。这是通过减少磷肥和土壤残留磷来减少地表水磷流失的风险。例如，2013年，全球第十大淡水水体和第三大水力发电库温尼伯湖被全球自然基金会宣布为“年度受威胁湖泊”。因此，迫切需要更好地了解农业土壤中磷的动态，以帮助制定有效减少磷从土壤到地表水的流失的做法。我的研究项目调查添加肥料和粪肥后土壤中磷的运输和转化。在下一个五年周期中，我提出了一系列关于肥料和粪肥磷的创新研究，以解决管理磷的一些农艺和环境挑战。在农学领域，我的长期目标是更好地了解土壤磷动态，可用于显着提高肥料磷的效率。我的小组迄今为止进行的研究表明，通过共同施用磷，可以增加磷的流动性和溶解度。 我们还发现模型土壤中形成的磷的形态受到硫酸盐的影响。因此，我们需要识别和量化真实土壤中形成的磷的种类，并将这些与添加硫酸盐时磷溶解度的增加联系起来。我和我的 HQP 将研究土壤性质和对硫酸盐的响应之间的关系，并制定农业土壤的硫酸盐响应指数。我将使用化学平衡模型提供土壤中磷吸附和降水的机械信息。我们将比较不同动物粪便带中磷的移动和溶解度与磷肥的移动和溶解度。我们生成的信息将有助于我们找到提高磷肥利用率和粪便磷肥管理的正确公式。例如，如果磷肥利用率提高 10%，加拿大农民每年可节省 6000 万美元的磷肥成本。这个为期 5 年的发现资助研究周期将支持培训 2 名博士生和 3 名硕士生，他们将获得磷化学领域的技能和现代光谱技术的使用。他们将成为政府实验室和部门、学术界以及化肥行业理想的科学家。由于 P 在不同司法管辖区的重要性日益增加，加拿大需要更多在该领域接受培训的人员。*** **