A greenhouse bioassay of advanced urease and nitrification inhibitors: Effects on ammonia volatilization and wheat biomass yield and N uptake

先进脲酶和硝化抑制剂的温室生物测定：对氨挥发、小麦生物量产量和氮吸收的影响

• 批准号: 544009-2019
• 负责人: Zvomuya, Francis
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Engage Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=680219
• 关键词: greenhouse; bioassay; advanced; urease; nitrification

Improving the recovery and utilization of fertilizer nitrogen (N) by crops remains a challenge, with less than 50% of the applied N recovered in most cropping systems. For urea-based fertilizers, this is mostly due to gaseous losses of N via ammonia volatilization and, in some cases, leaching of nitrate N. The use of fertilizer additives, such as urease and nitrification inhibitors, presents an opportunity for improving the recovery of fertilizer N via reductions in volatilization and leaching. Active AgriScience Inc. is a major player in the design of such products and recently commissioned ARM U Advanced (AUA), which inhibits the conversion of urea to volatile (ammonia) and leachable (nitrate) forms. The company is seeking research-based data that will assist it improve their product. The proposed research examines the processes and mechanisms controlling ammonia volatilization from a fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate, UAN) treated with AUA. The greenhouse experiment will utilize a high pH soil from western Manitoba and UAN rates based on standard agronomic practice for the region. AUA will be added to UAN at varying rates. Spring wheat will be the test crop and will be grown until flowering to evaluate treatment effects on dry matter yield. Ammonia volatilization will be measured throughout the crop growing period. Results will be used by the company to improve the design, hence performance of AUA as measured by improved uptake and utilization of fertilizer N by the crop. This is important in that high yields can be attained at lower rates of fertilizer N compared to cases where the fertilizer is not treated with AUA. This will not only result in savings to Canadian farmers, but also reduce environmental degradation that results from the loss of N from cropland, hence benefitting all Canadians.

提高作物对肥料氮(N)的回收和利用仍然是一项挑战，在大多数种植制度中，只有不到50%的施N被回收。对于尿素基肥料，这主要是由于氨挥发造成的氮的气态损失，在某些情况下是硝态氮的淋失。使用肥料添加剂，如尿素酶和硝化抑制剂，提供了通过减少挥发和淋洗来提高肥料氮回收率的机会。Active Agiscience Inc.是此类产品设计的主要参与者，最近委托ARM U Advanced(AUA)开发了一种可抑制尿素转化为挥发性(氨)和可浸出(硝酸盐)形式的药物。该公司正在寻找基于研究的数据，以帮助其改进产品。这项拟议的研究考察了用AUA处理的肥料(尿素硝酸铵，UAN)控制氨挥发的过程和机理。温室试验将利用来自马尼托巴省西部的高pH土壤和基于该地区标准农艺实践的UAN比率。AUA将以不同的费率添加到UAN中。春小麦将作为试验作物，将一直种植到开花，以评估处理对干物质产量的影响。将在整个作物生长期内测量氨挥发。结果将被该公司用来改进设计，因此AUA的表现是通过改善作物对肥料N的吸收和利用来衡量的。这一点很重要，因为与不使用AUA处理的肥料相比，在较低的施氮量下可以获得高产量。这不仅将为加拿大农民节省开支，还将减少因农田氮素损失而导致的环境退化，从而使所有加拿大人受益。