Project 4 - Portable, self-cleaning advanced electro-oxidation systems for distributed and point-of-use water treatment

项目 4 - 用于分布式和使用点水处理的便携式自清洁先进电氧化系统

• 批准号: 10335263
• 负责人: Akram N Alshawabkeh
• 金额: $ 24.8万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-12 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10335263
• 关键词: Address; Adsorption; Adverse effects; Advisory Committees; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Assessment tool; Benign; Carbon; Caribbean region; Cathodes; Characteristics; Chemicals; Communities; Consumption; Coupled; Degradation Pathway; Distributed Systems; Electrodes; Electrolyses; Engineering; Event; Evolution; Excision; Exposure to; Generations; Goals; Hazardous Substances; Health; Hour; Hurricane; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxyl Radical; In Situ; Individual; Ions; Iron; Kinetics; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Libraries; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Natural regeneration; Outcome; Oxides; Palladium; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pesticides; Process; Puerto Rico; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reporter; Risk; Risk Reduction; Rural Community; Signal Recognition Particle; Solvents; Source; Superfund; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Toxicogenomics; Variant; Water; Water Purification; Water Supply; Work; Yeasts; adverse pregnancy outcome; aqueous; base; carbon fiber; catalyst; contaminated drinking water; cost effective; cytotoxic; design; experimental study; geochemistry; ground water; improved; in vitro Bioassay; interest; member; novel; operation; oxidation; phthalates; pilot test; portability; remediation; residence; rural area; superfund chemical; superfund site; wasting; water sampling; water treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY Study Objectives: The goal of this project is to develop and test a portable, low-maintenance, and self- cleaning water purification technology for both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment. A novel electro- Fenton (EF)-like Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process (EAOP) will be coupled with sorption using practical, cost-effective, environmentally friendly carbon-based porous cathodes. Two approaches will be implemented: 1) removal of organic mixtures from the water via adsorption by carbon-based electrodes, then regeneration of the adsorbent via application of the EAOP on the carbon-based porous cathode surfaces to locally generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); and 2) simultaneous application of adsorption and EAOP. The motivation for this work is the need to provide clean water to communities near Superfund sites in Puerto Rico that lack access to clean water after the devastation of Hurricane Maria in 2017, as well as the need for a water treatment technology that can be used in rural areas. Study Approach: Laboratory studies will be conducted using water collected from the study area in Puerto Rico. Target chemicals will include chlorinated solvents, phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mechanistic studies will investigate continuous generation of ROS without addition of traditional catalysts (Pd, Fe) that are expensive, waste-producing, or potentially toxic. Instead, we will use three types of benign carbon-based cathodes: Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) and Granular Biochar (GB). Enhancement techniques that include polarity reversal and floating cathodes will be tested, and conditions that maximize continuous generation of ROS will be identified. Sorption characteristics of the three carbon-based cathodes will be measured, and EAOP’s ability to regenerate the sorption capacity of the cathodes and simultaneously oxidize aqueous contaminants will be tested. To improve understanding of transformation pathways and mechanisms, we will measure changes in concentration of target organics and analyze newly formed by-products. For these laboratory tests, water collected from Puerto Rico will be mixed with model contaminants and used for testing. The variations in toxicity levels and mechanistic profiles during the course of the electrochemically induced degradation will disclose potential causal agents and their links to the degradation pathways. Scaling of operational parameters and performance, geochemical and hydraulic parameters during operation, toxicity evolution, and potential adverse effects will be investigated. We will also assess the risk reduction efficacy of the process using a novel toxicogenomics-based toxicity assessment. Expected Results: Based on this technology, a portable water, self-cleaning treatment system will be designed and tested on water samples from Puerto Rico. The system will be engineered for inclusion into both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment systems and can also be implemented in rural areas in the US mainland that are not connected to public water systems.

项目概要 研究目标：该项目的目标是开发和测试便携式、低维护和自 用于使用点和进入点水处理的清洁水净化技术。一种新颖的电 类芬顿 (EF) 电化学高级氧化工艺 (EAOP) 将与吸附结合使用 实用、经济、环保的碳基多孔阴极。两种方法将是 实施：1）通过碳基电极吸附去除水中的有机混合物，然后 通过在碳基多孔阴极表面上应用 EAOP 来再生吸附剂 局部产生活性氧（ROS）； 2)同时应用吸附和EAOP。这 这项工作的动机是需要向波多黎各超级基金地点附近的社区提供清洁水 2017 年玛丽亚飓风破坏后缺乏清洁水，并且需要 可在农村地区使用的水处理技术。 研究方法：实验室研究将使用从波多黎各研究区收集的水进行 里科.目标化学品将包括氯化溶剂、邻苯二甲酸盐、农药和多环芳香族化合物 碳氢化合物（PAH）。机理研究将研究在不添加 ROS 的情况下连续产生 ROS 传统催化剂（钯、铁）价格昂贵、产生废物或具有潜在毒性。相反，我们将使用三个 良性碳基阴极的类型：颗粒活性炭（GAC）、活性碳纤维（ACF）和 颗粒生物炭（GB）。包括极性反转和浮动阴极在内的增强技术将 进行测试，并将确定最大限度地连续产生 ROS 的条件。吸附特性 将测量三种碳基阴极的容量，以及 EAOP 再生吸附能力的能力 将测试阴极的性能并同时氧化水性污染物。为了提高对 转化途径和机制，我们将测量目标有机物浓度的变化和 分析新形成的副产品。对于这些实验室测试，将从波多黎各收集的水混合 与模型污染物并用于测试。毒性水平和机理特征的变化 电化学诱导降解的过程将揭示潜在的致病因素及其与 降解途径。地球化学和水力操作参数和性能的缩放 将研究操作期间的参数、毒性演变和潜在的不利影响。我们还将 使用基于毒物基因组学的新型毒性评估来评估该过程的风险降低效果。 预期结果：基于该技术，将形成便携式自清洁水处理系统 根据波多黎各的水样进行设计和测试。该系统将被设计为包含在 使用点和进入点水处理系统，也可以在美国农村地区实施 未与公共供水系统连接的大陆。