Project 4 - Portable, self-cleaning advanced electro-oxidation systems for distributed and point-of-use water treatment

项目摘要 研究目标：本项目的目标是开发和测试一种便携式，低维护，自我 用于使用点和入口点水处理的清洁水净化技术。一种新颖的电- 芬顿（EF）类电化学高级氧化工艺（EAOP）将与吸附耦合， 实用、经济、环保的碳基多孔阴极。两种方法将是 实施：1）通过碳基电极的吸附从水中去除有机混合物，然后 通过在碳基多孔阴极表面上施加EAOP来再生吸附剂， 局部产生活性氧（ROS）;和2）同时应用吸附和EAOP。的 这项工作的动机是需要为波多黎各超级基金场地附近的社区提供清洁用水 在2017年飓风玛丽亚造成破坏后， 水处理技术，可用于农村地区。 研究方法：将使用从Puerto研究区域收集的水进行实验室研究 瑞可目标化学品包括氯化溶剂、邻苯二甲酸盐、杀虫剂和多环芳烃。 碳氢化合物（PAHs）。机制研究将研究ROS的连续产生，而不添加 传统催化剂（Pd、Fe）昂贵、产生废物或潜在有毒。相反，我们将使用三个 良性碳基阴极的类型：颗粒活性炭（GAC），活性炭纤维（ACF）和 颗粒生物炭（GB）。包括极性反转和浮动阴极在内的增强技术将在 测试，并将确定最大化ROS连续生成的条件。吸附特性 的三个碳基阴极将被测量，和EAOP的能力，以再生的吸附容量 同时氧化含水污染物。为了更好地了解 转化途径和机制，我们将测量目标有机物浓度的变化， 分析新形成的副产品。对于这些实验室测试，将混合从波多黎各收集的水 与模型污染物混合并用于测试。毒性水平和机制概况的变化， 电化学诱导降解的过程将揭示潜在的致病因子及其与 降解途径。操作参数和性能的缩放，地球化学和水力学 将研究操作过程中的参数、毒性演变和潜在的不良反应。我们还将 使用一种新的基于毒理遗传学的毒性评估来评估该工艺的风险降低功效。 预期成果：基于该技术，将开发一种便携式自清洁水处理系统， 设计并测试了来自波多黎各的水样。该系统将被设计为包括在两个 使用点和入口点水处理系统，也可以在美国农村地区实施 没有与公共供水系统相连的大陆。

PROJECT SUMMARY Study Objectives: The goal of this project is to develop and test a portable, low-maintenance, and self- cleaning water purification technology for both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment. A novel electro- Fenton (EF)-like Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process (EAOP) will be coupled with sorption using practical, cost-effective, environmentally friendly carbon-based porous cathodes. Two approaches will be implemented: 1) removal of organic mixtures from the water via adsorption by carbon-based electrodes, then regeneration of the adsorbent via application of the EAOP on the carbon-based porous cathode surfaces to locally generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); and 2) simultaneous application of adsorption and EAOP. The motivation for this work is the need to provide clean water to communities near Superfund sites in Puerto Rico that lack access to clean water after the devastation of Hurricane Maria in 2017, as well as the need for a water treatment technology that can be used in rural areas. Study Approach: Laboratory studies will be conducted using water collected from the study area in Puerto Rico. Target chemicals will include chlorinated solvents, phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mechanistic studies will investigate continuous generation of ROS without addition of traditional catalysts (Pd, Fe) that are expensive, waste-producing, or potentially toxic. Instead, we will use three types of benign carbon-based cathodes: Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) and Granular Biochar (GB). Enhancement techniques that include polarity reversal and floating cathodes will be tested, and conditions that maximize continuous generation of ROS will be identified. Sorption characteristics of the three carbon-based cathodes will be measured, and EAOP’s ability to regenerate the sorption capacity of the cathodes and simultaneously oxidize aqueous contaminants will be tested. To improve understanding of transformation pathways and mechanisms, we will measure changes in concentration of target organics and analyze newly formed by-products. For these laboratory tests, water collected from Puerto Rico will be mixed with model contaminants and used for testing. The variations in toxicity levels and mechanistic profiles during the course of the electrochemically induced degradation will disclose potential causal agents and their links to the degradation pathways. Scaling of operational parameters and performance, geochemical and hydraulic parameters during operation, toxicity evolution, and potential adverse effects will be investigated. We will also assess the risk reduction efficacy of the process using a novel toxicogenomics-based toxicity assessment. Expected Results: Based on this technology, a portable water, self-cleaning treatment system will be designed and tested on water samples from Puerto Rico. The system will be engineered for inclusion into both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment systems and can also be implemented in rural areas in the US mainland that are not connected to public water systems.