Project 4 - Portable, self-cleaning advanced electro-oxidation systems for distributed and point-of-use water treatment

项目总结 研究目标：本项目的目标是开发和测试一种便携式、低维护和自助式 净水净化技术，适用于使用点和入口点的水处理。一种新型的电动汽车 类似Fenton(EF)的电化学高级氧化工艺(EAOP)将与吸附相结合，使用 实用、经济实惠、环境友好的碳基多孔阴极。两种方法将是 实施：1)通过碳基电极吸附去除水中的有机混合物，然后 通过在碳基多孔阴极表面上应用EAOP来再生吸附剂 局部产生活性氧簇(ROS)；2)同时应用吸附和EAOP。这个 这项工作的动机是需要向波多黎各超级基金地点附近的社区提供清洁水 在2017年飓风玛丽亚的破坏之后，缺乏清洁的水，以及需要 可以在农村地区使用的水处理技术。 研究方法：将使用从波多黎各研究区收集的水进行实验室研究 里科。目标化学品将包括氯化溶剂、邻苯二甲酸盐、杀虫剂和多环芳烃。 碳氢化合物(PAHs)。机理研究将调查在没有添加RO的情况下RO的连续生成 传统催化剂(Pd、Fe)价格昂贵、产生废物或具有潜在毒性。相反，我们将使用三个 良性碳基阴极的类型：颗粒活性碳(GAC)、活性碳纤维(ACF)和 颗粒状生物炭(GB)。包括极性反转和浮动阴极在内的增强技术将是 经过测试，将确定最大限度地连续产生RO的条件。吸附特性 将测量三个碳基阴极的再生能力，以及EAOP的吸附能力 将对阴极和同时氧化的含水污染物进行测试。提高对……的理解 转化途径和机制，我们将测量目标有机物和 分析新形成的副产品。在这些实验室测试中，从波多黎各收集的水将被混合 带有模型污染物并用于测试。过程中毒性水平和机制的变化 电化学诱导降解的过程将揭示潜在的致病因素及其与 退化途径。操作参数和性能的标度，地球化学和水力 将调查手术过程中的参数、毒性演变和潜在的不良反应。我们还将 使用一种新的基于毒素基因组学的毒性评估来评估该过程的风险降低效果。 预期结果：基于这项技术，便携式水自清洁处理系统将被 在波多黎各的水样上进行设计和测试。该系统将被设计为包括在这两个 使用点和入口点水处理系统，也可以在美国农村地区实施 没有连接到公共供水系统的大陆。

PROJECT SUMMARY Study Objectives: The goal of this project is to develop and test a portable, low-maintenance, and self- cleaning water purification technology for both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment. A novel electro- Fenton (EF)-like Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process (EAOP) will be coupled with sorption using practical, cost-effective, environmentally friendly carbon-based porous cathodes. Two approaches will be implemented: 1) removal of organic mixtures from the water via adsorption by carbon-based electrodes, then regeneration of the adsorbent via application of the EAOP on the carbon-based porous cathode surfaces to locally generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); and 2) simultaneous application of adsorption and EAOP. The motivation for this work is the need to provide clean water to communities near Superfund sites in Puerto Rico that lack access to clean water after the devastation of Hurricane Maria in 2017, as well as the need for a water treatment technology that can be used in rural areas. Study Approach: Laboratory studies will be conducted using water collected from the study area in Puerto Rico. Target chemicals will include chlorinated solvents, phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mechanistic studies will investigate continuous generation of ROS without addition of traditional catalysts (Pd, Fe) that are expensive, waste-producing, or potentially toxic. Instead, we will use three types of benign carbon-based cathodes: Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) and Granular Biochar (GB). Enhancement techniques that include polarity reversal and floating cathodes will be tested, and conditions that maximize continuous generation of ROS will be identified. Sorption characteristics of the three carbon-based cathodes will be measured, and EAOP’s ability to regenerate the sorption capacity of the cathodes and simultaneously oxidize aqueous contaminants will be tested. To improve understanding of transformation pathways and mechanisms, we will measure changes in concentration of target organics and analyze newly formed by-products. For these laboratory tests, water collected from Puerto Rico will be mixed with model contaminants and used for testing. The variations in toxicity levels and mechanistic profiles during the course of the electrochemically induced degradation will disclose potential causal agents and their links to the degradation pathways. Scaling of operational parameters and performance, geochemical and hydraulic parameters during operation, toxicity evolution, and potential adverse effects will be investigated. We will also assess the risk reduction efficacy of the process using a novel toxicogenomics-based toxicity assessment. Expected Results: Based on this technology, a portable water, self-cleaning treatment system will be designed and tested on water samples from Puerto Rico. The system will be engineered for inclusion into both point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment systems and can also be implemented in rural areas in the US mainland that are not connected to public water systems.