Dynamic microbial molecular activities

动态微生物分子活动

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03740
• 负责人: Rose, David
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=683436
• 关键词: Dynamic; microbial; molecular; activities

Microbes exist in almost every ecosystem on Earth. The components of microbiota play important functional roles in their environments. The relative composition of components of the microbiota, both of organisms and of molecules within those organisms, can be dynamic; they can change depending on factors such as nutritional sources, infection and others. The goal of this program is to investigate some of those components that are expected from their functions to be dynamic. ***1. Bacterial glycoside hydrolases***A main focus of the previous grant period has been on bacterial enzymes that respond to changing sources of nutrition. We have been concentrating on glycoside hydrolases from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). We are interested in understanding the reason that Bt has evolved such a large repertoire of GHs, under the hypothesis that such insights will shed light on a basic bacterial strategy for survival under conditions of varying sources of nutrition. ***The physiological activity of an enzyme depends upon the substrates it encounters in its environment. In Bt, many of the glycoside hydrolases receive their substrates through transport systems such as the starch utilization systems (SUS). We are embarking on studies of representative SUS molecular components. ***2. Fungal resistance to chitinase***When corn is infected by ear rot, an important agricultural fungal pathogen, it produces chitinases to combat the microbe. In response, the fungus produces a protease that is able to cleave the chitinase and permit the infection to continue. In the past grant period, we have been studying the ChitA chitinase. This will be extended in the next grant cycle to address the ChitB chitinase, with the goal of understanding their complementary activities and regulation. ***Recently, we have initiated studies of the fungal protease. These investigations will lead to insights into the mechanism by which the protease is induced and to approaches to combat ear rot in the field. ***Significance and Impact***This program is one of basic biochemical and molecular structure/function studies, as intended by the Discovery Grants program. It has both short term impact in deriving insights about important microbial activities, and also longer term insights into the dynamics of individual microbes and entire microbiota in response to environmental conditions. The resulting basic insights will have relevance to potential applications in microbial regulation of important processes. ******

微生物存在于地球上几乎所有的生态系统中。微生物群的组成部分在其环境中发挥着重要的功能作用。微生物群组分的相对组成，包括生物体和这些生物体内的分子，可以是动态的;它们可以根据营养来源、感染等因素而变化。本计划的目标是研究其中一些组件，预计从他们的功能是动态的。*1。细菌糖苷水解酶 * 上一个资助期的主要重点是对不断变化的营养来源作出反应的细菌酶。本文主要研究多形拟杆菌（Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron，Bt）糖苷水解酶。我们有兴趣了解的原因，Bt已经进化出如此大的库GH的假设下，这种见解将揭示一个基本的细菌生存策略的条件下，不同的营养来源。 * 酶的生理活性取决于它在环境中遇到的底物。在Bt中，许多糖苷水解酶通过转运系统如淀粉利用系统（SUS）接收它们的底物。我们正在着手研究具有代表性的SUS分子组分。*2。真菌对几丁质酶的抗性 * 当玉米被穗腐病（一种重要的农业真菌病原体）感染时，它会产生几丁质酶来对抗微生物。作为回应，真菌产生一种蛋白酶，能够切割几丁质酶并允许感染继续。在过去的资助期内，我们一直在研究赤塔几丁质酶。这将在下一个资助周期中扩展，以解决ChitB几丁质酶，目的是了解它们的互补活动和调节。* 最近，我们开始了真菌蛋白酶的研究。这些调查将导致深入了解蛋白酶的诱导机制和方法，以打击穗腐病在外地。 * 重要性和影响 * 本项目是发现赠款项目的基础生物化学和分子结构/功能研究之一。它在获得有关重要微生物活动的见解方面具有短期影响，并且还对响应环境条件的单个微生物和整个微生物群的动态具有长期见解。由此产生的基本见解将有相关的微生物调节的重要过程中的潜在应用。******