Titanium derived nuclear cleanup agents

核扩散是人类面临的最危险和最令人不安的问题之一。设立全面禁止核试验条约组织(全面禁试条约组织)是为了监测世界范围内的核活动。除地震站外，禁核试组织还保留了近100个用于检测氙气放射性同位素的地点，只有在发生核爆炸或产生有害同位素(如钚)时才会出现这种情况。来自合法电力和医用同位素反应堆的氙气同位素背景水平正在产生如此多的背景，以至于发现流氓核活动的置信度不再处于可接受的水平。AG-ETS-10是一种非同寻常的氙气吸附剂，能够去除合法核活动中产生的氙副产物。Ets-10实际上是一系列多晶型，当与银(因此，氙气)相互作用时，它们的行为并不完全相同。识别和合成用于银交换和去除氙气的ETS-10的单个多晶型，可以很好地识别最活跃的形式，并放大ETS-10本已非凡的氙聚集力。这项工作将制备和表征ETS-10的多晶型，并产生ETS-10的骨架取代物，以建立最大的氙气结合力。有希望的材料将在一个互动计划中发送到全面禁核试组织，以缓解氙气背景问题，并允许更可靠地检测流氓核操作。*ETS-2是一种可交换的高比表面积纳米钛。与分子筛不同的是，ETS-2的所有活性中心都在其表面(~7eq/kg)，并且没有孔隙率。与ETS-10非常相似，ETS-2将在其表面形成银纳米颗粒(通常约为5纳米)的模板。银粒子很容易与气态碘相互作用，因为ETS-2上的所有银粒子都在微晶的外部，而不是在内部，后者在潮湿的溪流中可能会被水淹没。即使在相对湿度较高的情况下，ETS-2上的银基本上都能对气态碘起反应。气态碘是核反应堆产生的主要污染物之一。目前，它被大量的碳吸附剂捕获，这带来了大规模的处置问题。像Ag-ETS-2这样的材料的碘捕获量比碳高约3个数量级。将其开发成成品，将允许从处置问题相对较少的核反应堆中捕获碘的微型化。在这一努力中，ETS-2的银容量将得到最大化，并建立粘合和成型技术，使这些材料成为坚固、可用的产品。有希望的材料将在他们的粉笔河设施与加拿大原子能有限公司合作转发。**

Nuclear proliferation is one of the most dangerous and troubling issues facing humanity. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) was established to monitor worldwide nuclear activities. In addition to seismic stations, CTBTO maintains nearly 100 sites for the detection of radioactive isotopes of xenon which only occur during nuclear explosions or if nefarious isotopes (such as plutonium) are being produced. The background level of xenon isotopes coming from legitimate power and medical isotope reactors is generating so much background that the confidence level in spotting rogue nuclear activities is no longer at an acceptable level. Ag-ETS-10 is an extraordinary xenon adsorbent capable of removing xenon byproducts generated in legitimate nuclear activities. ETS-10 is in fact a series of polymorphs which do not all behave the same when interacting with silver (and thus, xenon). Identifying and synthesizing individual polymorphs of ETS-10 for silver exchange and xenon removal could well identify the most active forms and magnify the already extraordinary xenon concentrating power of ETS-10. This work will prepare and characterize polymorphs of ETS-10 as well as generate a framework substitution of ETS-10 to establish a maximum xenon binding power. Promising materials will be sent to CTBTO in an interactive program to mitigate xenon background issues and allow surer detection of rogue nuclear operations. ******ETS-2 is an exchangeable high surface area nanotitanante. Unlike molecular sieves ETS-2 has all of his active sites (~ 7 eq/kg) on its surface and has no porosity. Much like ETS-10, ETS-2 will template the formation of silver nanoparticles (generally about 5 nm) on its surface. Silver particles readily interact with gaseous iodine because all silver particles on ETS-2 are on the crystallite exterior and not on the interior which in humid streams can be `flooded' with water. The silver on ETS-2 is essentially all reactive towards gaseous iodine even at relatively high humidity. Gaseous iodine is one of the major pollutants generated by nuclear reactors. It currently is captured by massive beds of carbon adsorbents which pose large-scale disposal problems. A material like Ag-ETS-2 has ~ 3 orders of magnitude greater iodine capture capacity than carbon. Developing this to a finished product would allow miniaturization of iodine capture from nuclear reactors with proportionally lower disposal issues. In this effort, the silver capacity of ETS-2 will be maximized and binding and forming techniques established to make the materials into a robust, usable product. Promising materials will be forwarded in a collaborative effort with the Atomic Energy Canada Ltd at their Chalk River facility. **