Investigating the effects of electronic cigarettes and cannabis smoke on buccal microbes

在自然界中，微生物会自我组织以克服任何不适当的情况。它们首先附着在不同的表面上，形成一种生物膜，这种生物膜由嵌入自衍生化合物的细菌组成。环境条件对微生物生物膜的形成有重要影响。***众所周知，可燃香烟烟雾（CCS）是影响口腔微生物生态系统的重要因素之一。几项研究表明，吸烟会增加S突变体对不同表面的粘附，包括修复性牙科丙烯酸树脂和牙托。研究还表明，CCS促进了牙龈卟啉卟啉菌的生长和生物膜的形成。作为口腔微生物生态系统的一部分，白色念珠菌也受到香烟烟雾的影响。我们证明CCS激活了白色念珠菌表达的不同毒力基因。CCS可能不是导致口腔微生物生长和生物膜形成的唯一应激因素。电子烟以及大麻烟雾也可能促进这种口腔微生物的生长和生物膜的形成。******本研究计划旨在研究电子烟蒸汽和大麻烟雾与两种口腔致病微生物，即白色念珠菌和变形链球菌的相互作用。研究计划包括以下4个具体目标：***(i)研究电子烟蒸汽和大麻烟雾对白色念珠菌生长、生物膜形成和全基因组转录的影响。***(ii)研究电子烟蒸气和大麻烟雾对变形链球菌生长、生物膜形成和全基因组转录的影响。***(iii)调查暴露于电子烟蒸汽或大麻烟雾的大麻烟原体的毒力/致病性。***(iv)研究暴露于电子烟蒸汽或大麻烟雾中的变形链球菌的毒力/致病性。据我所知，很少有研究（如果有的话）调查电子烟蒸气或大麻烟雾对口腔微生物的影响。这使得我们的研究项目独一无二，极富创新性。******意义：通过这个研究项目，我们将能够阐明在电子烟蒸汽或大麻烟雾的影响下口腔微生物的行为。这项研究计划将有助于未来的预防

In nature, microbes organize themselves to overcome any inappropriate situation. They begin by adhering to various surfaces to form a biofilm consisting of a gathering of bacteria embedded in self-derived compounds. Environmental conditions have significant effects on microbial biofilm formation. ***It is well known that combustible cigarette smoke (CCS) is one factor with a significant impact on oral cavity microbial ecosystems. Several studies indicated that smoking increases the adhesion of S mutans to different surfaces including restorative dental acrylic resin and tooth brackets. It has also been shown that CCS promoted the growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis. As part of the oral microbial ecosystem, C. albicans is also subjected to the effect of cigarette smoke. We demonstrated that CCS activated different virulent genes expressed by C. albicans. CCS may not be the only stressful factor leading to buccal microbes' growth and biofilm formation. The e-cigarette, as well as cannabis smoke, may also promote such buccal microbial growth and biofilm formation. ******This research program is to investigate the interactions of e-cigarette vapors and cannabis smoke with two buccal pathogenic microbes, namely C. albicans and S. mutans. The research program consists of following 4 specific objectives: ***(i) To investigate the effect of e-cigarette vapors and cannabis smoke on C. albicans growth, biofilm formation and whole genome transcription. ***(ii) To investigate the effect of e-cigarette vapors and cannabis smoke on S. mutans growth, biofilm formation and whole genome transcription. ***(iii) To investigate the virulence/pathogenicity of the e-cigarette vapor or cannabis smoke exposed C. abicans. ***(iv) To investigate the virulence/pathogenicity of the e-cigarette vapor or cannabis smoke exposed S. mutans. To my best knowledge, very few studies, if any, investigated the effect of e-cigarette vapors or cannabis smoke on buccal microbes. This makes our research program unique and highly innovative.******Significance: With this research program we will be able to elucidate buccal microorganisms' behaviors under the influence of e-cigarette vapor or cannabis smoke. This research program will contribute to future preventative