The integrated metabolism of boar taint - towards developing effective strategies to reduce taint.

公猪异味的综合代谢——制定有效的策略来减少异味。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03936
• 负责人: Squires, Eli
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=685079
• 关键词: integrated; metabolism; boar; taint; towards

Boar taint is an off-odour or off-flavour in heated pork products from entire male pigs (boars). It is caused by the accumulation of high levels of 16-androstene steroids (androstenone), which are produced in the testis, and skatole and other indoles, which are produced from tryptophan by the gut microflora. Male pigs are normally castrated to prevent boar taint, but animal welfare concerns against castration have led several EU countries to ban surgical castration (www.boars2018.com) and it is only a matter of time before this becomes an important issue in North America. Controlling boar taint without castration would also improve growth, increase lean yield, improve feed utilization and decrease feed consumption, which will improve profitability and reduce the environmental impact of pork production from reduced energy costs and less manure per unit of pork produced. A number of dietary additives and management practices have been described to decrease boar taint without castration, but the response to these treatments varies among individual pigs. ***Our lab has made significant contributions to the understanding of the integrated metabolism of boar taint compounds, with the overall goal of designing effective treatment methods to control boar taint. We have not yet investigated the causes for the variations in boar taint among individual pigs. Moreover, some aspects of the metabolism of boar taint compounds have not yet been fully explored. This includes the metabolism of 16-androstene steroids in the testis and liver, the transport of 16-androstene steroids in plasma and their uptake by adipocytes. The relationship between the gut microbiome and the physiology of the individual pig on the production and absorption of skatole from the gut and metabolism by the liver is also not fully understood. A more complete understanding of these processes may provide further opportunities to develop methods to reduce boar taint.***We have identified a number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in boar taint metabolism with the goal of developing genetic tools and selection protocols to reduce boar taint. We now plan to determine how the mutations affect the expression of these genes and the activity of the gene products, so we can understand how they can alter the amount of boar taint. We can also use this genotype information to develop effective treatment protocols to reduce boar taint in individual animals based on their genotypes.***Our objectives are: 1. To complete work on the characterization of aspects of boar taint metabolism, 2. To integrate metabolic, physiological and genomic information to define the processes that lead to individual differences in boar taint and 3. To use this information to develop novel and effective methods to decrease boar taint without castration.**

野猪污染是指来自整个公猪(公猪)的加热猪肉产品中的异味或异味。这是由于在睾丸中产生的16-雄烯类固醇(雄烯酮)和由肠道微生物区系从色氨酸中产生的臭鼬和其他吲哚积累的高水平造成的。公猪通常会被阉割，以防止野猪受到污染，但出于对阉割的动物福利的考虑，几个欧盟国家已经禁止手术阉割(www.boars2018.com)，这在北美成为一个重要问题只是个时间问题。在不去势的情况下控制公猪污染还将改善生长，提高瘦肉率，提高饲料利用率和降低饲料消耗，这将提高盈利能力，并减少猪肉生产对环境的影响，因为降低了能源成本，减少了单位猪肉生产的粪便。一些饲料添加剂和管理实践已被描述为在不去势的情况下减少公猪污染，但对这些处理的反应在不同的猪身上有所不同。*我们的实验室为了解猪污染化合物的整合代谢做出了重大贡献，总的目标是设计有效的治疗方法来控制猪污染。我们还没有调查每头猪之间野猪污染程度差异的原因。此外，野猪污染化合物代谢的某些方面还没有得到充分的研究。这包括16-雄烯类固醇在睾丸和肝脏中的代谢，16-雄烯类固醇在血浆中的转运以及脂肪细胞对它们的摄取。肠道微生物群和个体猪的生理作用在肠道产生和吸收臭鼬以及肝脏代谢方面的关系也不完全清楚。对这些过程的更全面的了解可能会为开发减少公猪污染的方法提供进一步的机会。*我们已经在与公猪污染代谢有关的基因中发现了一些单核苷酸多态(SNPs)，目的是开发遗传工具和选择方案来减少公猪污染。我们现在计划确定这些突变是如何影响这些基因的表达和基因产物的活性的，这样我们就可以了解它们如何改变野猪污染量。我们还可以利用这些基因信息来开发有效的治疗方案，以根据它们的基因类型来减少单个动物的公猪污染。*我们的目标是：1.完成公猪污染代谢方面的表征工作；2.整合代谢、生理和基因组信息，以确定导致公猪污染的个体差异的过程；3.利用这些信息开发新的有效方法，在不阉割的情况下减少公猪污染。**