The integrated metabolism of boar taint - towards developing effective strategies to reduce taint.

公猪异味的综合代谢——制定有效的策略来减少异味。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03936
• 负责人: Squires, Eli
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743564
• 关键词: integrated; metabolism; boar; taint; towards

Boar taint is an off-odour or off-flavour in heated pork products from entire male pigs (boars). It is caused by the accumulation of high levels of 16-androstene steroids (androstenone), which are produced in the testis, and skatole and other indoles, which are produced from tryptophan by the gut microflora. Male pigs are normally castrated to prevent boar taint, but animal welfare concerns against castration have led several EU countries to ban surgical castration (www.boars2018.com) and it is only a matter of time before this becomes an important issue in North America. Controlling boar taint without castration would also improve growth, increase lean yield, improve feed utilization and decrease feed consumption, which will improve profitability and reduce the environmental impact of pork production from reduced energy costs and less manure per unit of pork produced. A number of dietary additives and management practices have been described to decrease boar taint without castration, but the response to these treatments varies among individual pigs. Our lab has made significant contributions to the understanding of the integrated metabolism of boar taint compounds, with the overall goal of designing effective treatment methods to control boar taint. We have not yet investigated the causes for the variations in boar taint among individual pigs. Moreover, some aspects of the metabolism of boar taint compounds have not yet been fully explored. This includes the metabolism of 16-androstene steroids in the testis and liver, the transport of 16-androstene steroids in plasma and their uptake by adipocytes. The relationship between the gut microbiome and the physiology of the individual pig on the production and absorption of skatole from the gut and metabolism by the liver is also not fully understood. A more complete understanding of these processes may provide further opportunities to develop methods to reduce boar taint. We have identified a number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in boar taint metabolism with the goal of developing genetic tools and selection protocols to reduce boar taint. We now plan to determine how the mutations affect the expression of these genes and the activity of the gene products, so we can understand how they can alter the amount of boar taint. We can also use this genotype information to develop effective treatment protocols to reduce boar taint in individual animals based on their genotypes. Our objectives are: 1. To complete work on the characterization of aspects of boar taint metabolism, 2. To integrate metabolic, physiological and genomic information to define the processes that lead to individual differences in boar taint and 3. To use this information to develop novel and effective methods to decrease boar taint without castration.

野猪味是来自整头雄性猪（野猪）的加热猪肉产品中的一种异味或异味。它是由睾丸中产生的高水平的16-雄甾烯类固醇（雄烯酮）以及粪臭素和其他吲哚的积累引起的，粪臭素和其他吲哚是由肠道微生物菌群从色氨酸产生的。雄性猪通常被阉割，以防止公猪的污点，但对阉割的动物福利的关注导致几个欧盟国家禁止手术阉割（www.boars2018.com），这只是一个时间问题，在北美成为一个重要的问题。在不阉割的情况下控制公猪的臭味也将改善生长，增加瘦肉产量，提高饲料利用率并减少饲料消耗，这将提高盈利能力并减少猪肉生产对环境的影响，降低能源成本和减少每单位猪肉生产的粪便。已经描述了许多饮食添加剂和管理实践，以减少公猪不阉割的污点，但对这些治疗的反应在个体猪之间存在差异。 我们的实验室为理解公猪恶臭化合物的综合代谢做出了重大贡献，其总体目标是设计有效的治疗方法来控制公猪恶臭。我们还没有调查个体猪之间公猪臭味差异的原因。此外，公猪恶臭化合物代谢的某些方面尚未完全探索。这包括16-雄甾烯类固醇在睾丸和肝脏中的代谢，16-雄甾烯类固醇在血浆中的转运以及脂肪细胞对其的摄取。肠道微生物组与个体猪的生理学之间关于肠道粪臭素的产生和吸收以及肝脏代谢的关系也尚未完全清楚。对这些过程的更全面的了解可能会为开发减少公猪异味的方法提供进一步的机会。我们已经确定了一些单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）的基因参与公猪的臭味代谢的目标，发展遗传工具和选择协议，以减少公猪的臭味。我们现在计划确定这些突变如何影响这些基因的表达和基因产物的活性，这样我们就可以了解它们如何改变公猪的粪便量。我们还可以使用这些基因型信息来开发有效的治疗方案，以减少基于基因型的个体动物中的公猪污点。我们的目标是：1.为了完成对猪臭味代谢方面的表征工作，2。整合代谢、生理和基因组信息，以确定导致公猪腐臭个体差异的过程。利用这些信息，开发新的和有效的方法，以减少公猪不去势。