Laser matter interactions

该提案要求为正在进行的激光物质在不同物理系统中相互作用的理论和数值研究以及各种参数提供资金。强激光与等离子体的相互作用在应用科学和基础科学中有着广泛而深远的应用。产生超短和强激光脉冲的使能方法得到了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的认可。我们的研究方法将分析理论与大规模数值模拟相结合，并与几个国际实验小组密切合作。*惯性约束聚变(ICF)被认为是未来可能的能源，多年来对ICF的研究在激光技术和激光等离子体科学方面取得了许多突破。我们对ICF研究的贡献一直与相互作用物理和输运理论有关，并将在拟议的计划中进一步推进。*实验室天体物理学和高能量密度等离子体。能量密度对应于1Mbar以上热压的物质属于高能量密度领域。这类等离子体的性质与天文学和天体物理学中已知的系统重叠，例如行星内部、恒星和早期宇宙。ICF实验中的压缩目标也处于这种状态。实验室天体物理学还包括许多在天体物理学中普遍存在的一般过程，例如无碰撞冲击。这些过程将在我们的小组中使用粒子细胞代码进行建模。*激光等离子体作为光学系统、粒子加速器和激光放大器。在激光尾迹场加速器(LWFA)中，等离子体维持大电场梯度的能力已经被探索了一段时间。我们将研究LWFA的不同方面，目的是在稳定性、能量和加速电子数量方面改进加速器方案。以激光脉冲放大和压缩为目标的各种方案探索了激光等离子体作为一种能够维持大电磁场和支持集体模的活跃介质的特性。它们将在拟议的计划中进行研究。我们还将研究泵浦探测方案的不同实现，其中使用激光等离子体作为光学系统，工作在超出传统光学断裂点许多数量级的激光强度。*用于鉴定和分选生物细胞的激光光散射法。在这个医学、工程和我的团队正在进行的合作研究项目中，为这些研究提供了数值和理论支持，我们建议使用激光散射来表征和区分血细胞。特别是，我们将把这项技术应用于成人干细胞的鉴定和纯化，用于诊断和基于干细胞的治疗。**

This proposal requests funding for the ongoing theoretical and numerical studies of laser matter interactions in different physical systems and for a wide range of parameters. The interactions between intense laser beams and plasmas have broad and far reaching applications in applied and fundamental sciences. The enabling method of the ultrashort and intense laser pulse generation has been recognized by the 2018 Nobel prize in physics. Our research methodology combines analytical theories with large scale numerical simulations and involves close collaborations with several international experimental groups. ***The inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is considered a possible future energy source and research on ICF has led over the years to numerous breakthroughs in laser technology and laser plasma sciences. Our contributions to ICF studies have been related to the interaction physics and transport theory and will be further advanced in the proposed program. ***The laboratory astrophysics and high energy density plasmas. Matter whose energy density corresponds to thermal pressure above 1 Mbar belongs to the field of high energy density. Such plasmas exhibit properties that overlap with systems known from astronomy and astrophysics, e.g. planetary interiors, stars and early universe. Compressed targets in ICF experiments are also in this regime. Laboratory astrophysics includes also many general processes that are ubiquitous in astrophysics, for example collisionless shocks. These processes will be modelled in our group using particle-cell-code. ***The laser plasmas as optical systems, particle accelerators and laser amplifiers. Ability of the plasma to sustain large gradients of the electric fields has been explored for some time in the laser wake field accelerators (LWFA). We will investigate different aspects of the LWFA with the aim of improving accelerator schemes in terms of stability, energy and numbers of accelerated electrons. Properties of laser plasmas as an active medium that can sustain large electromagnetic fields and support collective modes have been explored in various schemes aiming at laser pulse amplification and compression. They will be studied in the proposed program. We will also study different realizations of the pump probe schemes in which laser plasma are used as optical systems operating at laser intensities many orders of magnitude beyond the breaking point of the traditional optics. ***The laser light scattering methods for the identification and sorting of biological cells. In this ongoing collaborative research program between the medical, engineering and my group providing numerical and theoretical support for these studies we propose to use laser light scattering for the characterization and discrimination of blood cells. And in particular we will apply this technique for the identification and purification of adult stem cells for diagnosis and stem cell-based therapies. **