Laser matter interactions

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This proposal requests funding for the ongoing theoretical and numerical studies of laser matter interactions in different physical systems and for a wide range of parameters. The interactions between intense laser beams and plasmas have broad and far reaching applications in applied and fundamental sciences. The enabling method of the ultrashort and intense laser pulse generation has been recognized by the 2018 Nobel prize in physics. Our research methodology combines analytical theories with large scale numerical simulations and involves close collaborations with several international experimental groups. The inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is considered a possible future energy source and research on ICF has led over the years to numerous breakthroughs in laser technology and laser plasma sciences. Our contributions to ICF studies have been related to the interaction physics and transport theory and will be further advanced in the proposed program. The laboratory astrophysics and high energy density plasmas. Matter whose energy density corresponds to thermal pressure above 1 Mbar belongs to the field of high energy density. Such plasmas exhibit properties that overlap with systems known from astronomy and astrophysics, e.g. planetary interiors, stars and early universe. Compressed targets in ICF experiments are also in this regime. Laboratory astrophysics includes also many general processes that are ubiquitous in astrophysics, for example collisionless shocks. These processes will be modelled in our group using particle-cell-code. The laser plasmas as optical systems, particle accelerators and laser amplifiers. Ability of the plasma to sustain large gradients of the electric fields has been explored for some time in the laser wake field accelerators (LWFA). We will investigate different aspects of the LWFA with the aim of improving accelerator schemes in terms of stability, energy and numbers of accelerated electrons. Properties of laser plasmas as an active medium that can sustain large electromagnetic fields and support collective modes have been explored in various schemes aiming at laser pulse amplification and compression. They will be studied in the proposed program. We will also study different realizations of the pump probe schemes in which laser plasma are used as optical systems operating at laser intensities many orders of magnitude beyond the breaking point of the traditional optics. The laser light scattering methods for the identification and sorting of biological cells. In this ongoing collaborative research program between the medical, engineering and my group providing numerical and theoretical support for these studies we propose to use laser light scattering for the characterization and discrimination of blood cells. And in particular we will apply this technique for the identification and purification of adult stem cells for diagnosis and stem cell-based therapies.