Satellite-based assessment of coastal ocean productivity

基于卫星的沿海海洋生产力评估

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06070
• 负责人: Bélanger, Simon
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=686810
• 关键词: Satellite; based; assessment; coastal; ocean

Vegetated coastal habitats provide numerous ecosystem services to humans and are among the most important carbon sinks worldwide, yet they remain poorly quantified. At a global scale, marine macrophytes living in intertidal and subtidal zones may contribute as much as 10% of the marine net primary production (NPP) but 47% of the carbon burial in sediments. Macrophytes are found in both the intertidal and subtidal zones; they include seagrass, which grows on silty and/or muddy sediments, and macroalgae, which grows on rocky substrates and boulders. We hypothesize that vegetated coastal ecosystems will expand toward the north as a response to climate warming. Arctic and subarctic expansion of vegetated coastal ecosystems may play an important role in future carbon sequestration along the long Canadian coast, but quantitative tools are lacking. My research program will assess the dynamics of coastal vegetation in near-shore and shallow-water environments, capitalizing on recent advances in satellite optical remote sensing technologies. The main objective of my proposal is to understand the current state and evolution of marine primary producers in the arctic and subarctic ecosystems. Specifically, I intend to: 1) assess long- and short-term changes in vegetated coastal ecosystems in subarctic and arctic environments using multispectral imagery from high to very high spatial resolution sensors; 2) explore the potential of optical remote sensing to quantify carbon-based processes such as NPP and/or organic carbon burial in coastal ecosystems; and 3) develop and validate prognostic models of spectral light and photosynthesis in the optically complex and shallow waters encountered in subarctic coastal waters. Fieldwork will be performed in coastal zones along a south-to-north gradient, from subarctic (estuary and gulf of St. Lawrence, James Bay) to the High Arctic (Southampton Is., Pond Inlet, and Bylot Is.) environments. Fourteen HQP (6 B.Sc., 4 M.Sc., 3 Ph.D., and 1 PDF) will be trained in a highly interdisciplinary environment, learning satellite image processing, geomatics, in situ aquatic optics, numerical modelling, and computer programming; all these areas of expertise are expected to be in high demand as the needs in monitoring coastal ecosystems increase and Earth Observation technologies improve and produce increasingly high-quality data. This project will have incidence decision makers, coastal northern communities, First Nations, and NGOs in conservation for preservation and restoration efforts because of the new knowledge on the state and the evolution of the coastal ecosystems. Quantitative tools developed by this program will contribute to assessing the socio-economic importance of vegetated coastal ecosystems, which is particularly true in the context of the Blue Carbon strategy of the climate change mitigation strategy. Carbon stock may be converted into monetary values and therefore help in decision-making processes.

植被覆盖的沿海生境为人类提供了许多生态系统服务，是世界上最重要的碳汇之一，但它们仍然缺乏量化。在全球范围内，生活在潮间带和潮下带的海洋植物可能贡献高达10%的海洋净初级生产力（NPP），但47%的碳埋藏在沉积物中。在潮间带和潮下带都有大型植物，包括生长在淤泥和/或淤泥沉积物上的海草，以及生长在岩石基质和巨石上的大型藻类。我们假设，作为对气候变暖的响应，植被覆盖的沿海生态系统将向北扩展。北极和亚北极的植被沿海生态系统的扩张可能会发挥重要作用，在未来的碳固存沿着加拿大漫长的海岸，但缺乏定量工具。我的研究计划将评估沿海植被在近岸和浅水环境的动态，利用卫星光学遥感技术的最新进展。我的建议的主要目的是了解北极和亚北极生态系统中海洋初级生产者的现状和演变。具体而言，我打算：（1）利用高至极高空间分辨率传感器的多光谱图像评估亚北极和北极环境中植被覆盖的沿海生态系统的长期和短期变化;（2）探索光学遥感在量化沿海生态系统中的NPP和/或有机碳埋藏等碳基过程方面的潜力;和3）在亚北极沿海沃茨中遇到的光学复杂和浅沃茨中开发和验证光谱光和光合作用的预测模型。野外工作将在沿海地区沿着南北梯度进行，从亚北极（河口和圣劳伦斯湾，詹姆斯湾）到高北极（南安普顿群岛，Pond Inlet，and Bylot Is.）环境. 14名HQP（6名B.Sc.，4名硕士，3个博士学位，将在高度跨学科的环境中对这些人员进行培训，学习卫星图像处理、地理信息学、现场水生光学、数值建模和计算机编程;随着对监测沿海生态系统的需求增加以及地球观测技术的改进和产生越来越高质量的数据，预计对所有这些专业领域的需求都很大。由于对沿海生态系统的状况和演变有了新的认识，该项目将使决策者、沿海北方社区、原住民和非政府组织参与保护和恢复工作。该计划开发的定量工具将有助于评估植被沿海生态系统的社会经济重要性，这在减缓气候变化战略的蓝碳战略背景下尤其如此。碳储存量可以转换为货币价值，因此有助于决策进程。